Ihu igwe nke Urals bụ ugwu ugwu; a na-ekenye ụkọ na-ezighi ezi ọ bụghị naanị na mpaghara, kamakwa n'ime mpaghara ọ bụla. West Platober West bụ ókèala nwere ihu igwe jupụtara na ya; na njikọ ọnụ, kọntinent ya na-abawanye nke ọma karịa na Mpaghara Russia. Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke Oke Ọdịda Anyanwụ nke Oke Ọdịda Anyanwụ adịghị ala karịa ihu igwe nke Ala Osimiri Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Siberia. Ọ dị ụtọ na, n'otu mpaghara ahụ, na mbara nke Urals na Trans-Urals, ọnọdụ eke ahụ dị iche iche. A kọwara nke a site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na Ural Ugwu na-eje ozi dị ka ụdị ihe mgbochi ihu igwe. Oke mmiri ozuzo na -adida ọdịda anyanwụ nke ha, ihu igwe dị iru mmiri ma dị ntakịrị karịa, n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, ya bụ, gafere Urals, mmiri anaghị ezo, ihu igwe na-adị mmiri, nke nwere njirimara nke kọntinent.
Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke Urals dị iche iche. A na-agbadata ugwu ahụ maka kilomita 2000 na ụzọ nchịkọta, akụkụ ebe ugwu nke Urals dị na Arctic ma na-enweta radieshon anyanwụ na-erughị akụkụ ndịda nke Urals, nke dị na ndịda 55 ogo N
Nkezi onwa Jenụwarị na S. Ural: -20 ... -22 ogo,
The nkezi okpomọkụ na January nke Urals: -16 ogo,
The nkezi okpomọkụ ke July C. Ural: +8 ogo,
Nkezi onwa di na Jenụwarị na Urals: +20 degrees.
Ọnọdụ ikuku nke Urals bụ ugwu ugwu, ekesa na-ezighi ezi ọ bụghị naanị na mpaghara, kamakwa n'ime mpaghara ọ bụla. West Platober West bụ ókèala nwere ihu igwe jupụtara na ya; na njikọ ọnụ, kọntinent ya na-abawanye nke ọma karịa na Mpaghara Russia. Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke Oke Ọdịda Anyanwụ nke Oke Ọdịda Anyanwụ adịghị ala karịa ihu igwe nke Ala Osimiri Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Siberia. Ugwu Ural guzoro n'ụzọ nke mmegharị nke ikuku ikuku Atlantic. Ọdịda ọdịda anyanwụ na-ezute cyclones ọtụtụ oge ma na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma. Ná nkezi, ọ na-enweta mmiri mmiri 100 mm karịa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.
A na-ekpebi ihu igwe nke Urals site na ọnọdụ ya n'etiti mbara ala Eurasia, obere ugwu na obosara nke ugwu. Ogologo oke Urals site na Ugwu ruo na South na-akpata mgbanwe ihu igwe mpaghara. T.E. ọdịiche dị n’etiti North na South. Ọdịiche na-egosipụta nke ọma n'oge ọkọchị. Nkezi okpomọkụ dị n’ebe ugwu bụ + 80C, n’ebe ndịda + 220C. N'oge oyi, a na-amachapụ iche site na ndịda - 160С, na north - 200С. Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-abawanye site na North-West gaa South-East.
Ọdịda na mbido ọdịda anyanwụ nke 700mm. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ 400mm. N'ihi gịnị? Kedu oke osimiri metụtara. (Atlantic).
Osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ na-ezute cyclones site na Atlantic ma na-enwe mmiri karịa. Akụkụ nke abụọ sitere na Arctic, yana ụsọ ikuku Central Asia.
Mmetụta enyemaka ahụ metụtara nchụpụ nke akụkụ ihu igwe nke Urals site n’ebe ugwu gaa na ndịda. N'ihi ọdịiche nke ihu igwe, ọdịdị Urals ga-adị iche iche.
Njirimara ihe omimi
Ugwu Ural nwere otutu ugwu na oke ala. Nke kachasị elu n’ime ha, na-ebili elu karịa 1200-1500 m, dị na Subpolar (Ugwu Narodnaya - 1875 m), Northern (Ugwu Telposiz - 1617 m) na Southern (Ugwu Yamantau - 1640 m) Urals. Massifs nke Middle Urals dị ala karịa, ọ na-adịkarị elu karịa 600-800 m. Ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ nke Urals na ala nzọ ụkwụ na-abụkarị ndagwurugwu miri emi; enwere ọtụtụ osimiri na Urals na Urals. E nwere ọdọ mmiri ole na ole, mana nke a bụ isi mmalite nke Pechora na Urals. Edeela ọtụtụ narị ọdọ mmiri na ọdọ mmiri n'akụkụ osimiri. Ugwu Ural bụ agadi (nke sitere na Late Proterozoic) ma ha dị na mpaghara mpịachi Hercynian.
Fauna
N'ebe ugwu ị nwere ike izute ndị bi na tundra - reindeer, na ndịda nke ndị bi na steepes - ndị na-agagharị agagharị, ndị nwere ọdụ mmiri, shrus, agwọ na agwọ. Anụ ọhịa bi na: anụ ọhịa bea, anụ ọhịa wolf, anụ ọhịa wolf, anụ ọhịa, anụ ọhịa bekee, anụ ọhịa, anụ ọhịa. A na-achọta ungulates (anụ ọhịa, mgbada, nne mgbada, wdg) na nnụnụ nke ụdị dịgasị iche iche na ha. Afọ ole na ole gara aga, ụwa anụmanụ bara ụba karịa ka ọ dị ugbu a. Pkọ ugbo, ịchụ nta, igbukpọ ahịhịa na-egbu ma bibie ebe obibi ọtụtụ anụmanụ. Anụ ọhịa, saigas, bustards na streptos apụ n'anya. Herdị ìgwè ndagwurugwu na-aga n'ebe miri emi na mmiri. Mana n’elu ala ebe akuru ube (hamsters, mice ubi) gbasara.
Ugbo
A na-ahụta ọdịiche dị na ọdịdị ala mgbe ị na-arị ugwu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na South Urals, ụzọ iji ruo na ndagwurugwu nke nnukwu Zigalga ga-amalite site na ụzọ nke warara nke ugwu na ndagwurugwu dị n'okpuru ukwu nke ahịhịa. Ezọ ahụ wee gafere na painia, birch na aspen ọhịa, nke ahịhịa na-atọ ụtọ. Fir na fir biliri n’elu palisade. Osisi nwụrụ anwụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịhụ anya - ọ na-anyụ n'oge ọkụ na-agba ugboro ugboro. Enwere ebe apịtị dị. Etu kpuchie okwute nwere okwute, ahịhịa na ahịhịa. Uwe na ure dị ụsọ, ọgịrịga na-acha uhie uhie na-abịafe ebe a, anaghị yie odida ụkwụ n'ụkwụ ahụ, na-enwe akwa akwọ ahịhịa na ahịhịa. Ọkụ n'ugwu dị elu esighi ike, yabụ, ụzọ dị ugbu a na egbochi site na osisi ndị dara ada. Isi nke Ugwu Yamantau (1640 m) bụ mpaghara dị larịị, mana ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke a na-apụghị ịgafe agafe n'ihi ikpo ahịhịa ochie.
Ihe ndi ozo
Nke ihe ndi sitere n'okike nke Ural, akuru mmiri ya bu ihe di nkpa. Urals abụrụla nnukwu ebe a na-egwupụta ọla na sọlfọ nke obodo a. Laa azụ na narị afọ nke XVI. ndogwu nnu na okwute nwere ọla kọpa mara na ọdịda anyanwụ nke Urals. Na narị afọ nke XVII, amatala ọtụtụ nkwụnye ego igwe ma gosipụta ọrụ iron. N'ugwu ahu, achọtara ebe ndobe edo na edobe nke platinum, na ndida Iruda anyanwu - nkume di oke onu ahia. Site n'ọgbọ ruo n'ọgbọ, enyefewo nkà iji chọọ ọla, ịgbaze ọla, imepụta ngwa agha na nka.
N'ime Ural, ọtụtụ nkwanye mmanụ mmanụ dị elu (Magnitnaya, Vysokaya, Blagodat, ugwu Kachkanar), ọla kọpa (Mednogorsk, Karabash, Sibai), ọla ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe, ọla edo, ọla ọcha, platinum, bauxites obodo kachasị mma, okwute na potassium nnu (a maara Solikamsk) , Berezniki, Berezovskoye, Vazhenskoye, Il'etskoye). E nwere mmanụ (Ishimbay), mmanụ sitere n'okike (Orenburg), koko, asbestos, nkume ndị dị oké ọnụ ahịa na ọla kọpa dị na Urals. Ike mmiri nke Ural osimiri (Pavlovskaya, Yumaguzinskaya, Shirokovskaya, Iriklinskaya na ọtụtụ obere osisi hydropower) ka na-esite n'aka na-enweta ike zuru oke.
Ọnọdụ ala
AT ihe owuwu Mpaghara akụ na ụba gụnyere
1. Republic abụọ: Bashkiria (isi obodo - Ufa) na Udmurtia (isi obodo - Izhevsk),
2. Perm Territory, ma site na Jenụwarị 1, 2006, n'ihi ntinye aka, Perm Mpaghara jikọtara ya na Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug,
3. mpaghara 4: Sverdlovsk (etiti - Yekaterinburg), Chelyabinsk (etiti - Chelyabinsk), Kurgan (etiti - Kurgan) na Orenburg (etiti - Orenburg).
Mpaghara Mpaghara bụ 824 puku kilomita 2.
Fig. 1. Maapụ Urals (Isi Iyi)
Mpaghara akụ na ụba dị na nkwụsị nke akụkụ Europe na Eshia nke Russia. ọ bụ ya oke ya na mpaghara akụ na ụba mpaghara Northern, Volga-Vyatka, Volga na West Siberian. N'ebe ndịda, ọ na ókèala Kazakhstan. Urals bụ mpaghara ala, mana n'akụkụ Ural, Kama, Volga na ọwa mmiri mmepụta nye Caspian, Azov na Black Seas. Mepụtara ebe a ebufe netwọsụ: okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko na okporo ụzọ, ya na mmanụ ụgbọ mmiri. Networkgbọ njem netwọsụ na-ejikọ Ural na akụkụ Europe nke Russia na Siberia.
Enyemaka na ihu igwe
Ókèala Ural gụnyere Sistemụ ugwu ugwuna-esite n ’ugwu site na ndịda ruo ihe karịrị puku kilomita abụọ. na obosara nke 40 ruo 150 km.
Fig. 2. Ugwu Ural (Isi Iyi)
Site na odidi nke enyemaka na ala ala emit Polar, Subpolar, Northern, Middle na Southern Urals. Isi ala bụ oke ugwu na oke warawara site na 800 ruo 1200 m n'ịdị elu. Nani elu ole na ole ruru elu 1,500. Ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu - Ugwu Narodnaya (1895 m), nke dị na Northern Urals. Enwere ụdị nrụgide dị iche iche na akwụkwọ abụọ: Folk na Folk. Ihe mbu kwesiri ka ọnụnọ nke ugwu Narady dị n'okpuru ugwu ahụ, nke abụọ na-ezo aka 20-30. narị afọ gara aga, mgbe ndị mmadụ chọrọ itinye aha ha na akara nke steeti.
Fig. 3. Ugwu ndi mmadu (Isi mmalite)
Ugwu dị iche iche na-agbadata n'usoro dị na nkwado nke meridian. A na-ekewa ugwu ahu idi mkputu ugwu ogologo oge ebe osimiri na-asọ. Ugwu ndia nwere oke okwute, metamorphic na okwute. A na-etolite Karst na ọtụtụ ọgba n'ọgba na ọdịda anyanwụ. Otu n'ime ndị a ma ama bụ Kungur Ice Cave.
Karst - usoro nke usoro na ihe omume jikọtara ya na ọrụ mmiri wee gosipụta na mgbasa nke oke okwute dị ka gypsum, okwute, dolomite, nnu nkume, na nguzobe nke voids na ha.
Ọnọdụ eke ọjọọ. Ugwu ahụ nwere oke Urals emetụtala ihu igwe mpaghara. Ọ gbanwere n’ụzọ atọ: site n’ebe ugwu gaa n’ebe ndịda, site n’ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n’ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nakwa site n’ala ala ugwu ruo na elu ugwu. Ugwu Ural bụ ihe mgbochi ihu igwe nyefe nyefe ikuku ikuku site na ọdịda anyanwụ ruo ọwụwa anyanwụ, i.e., site na Atlantic. N'agbanyeghị ugwu dị ala, ha na-egbochi mgbasa ikuku na-agbasa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ya mere, mpaghara Ural na-enweta oke mmiri karịa na mpaghara Ural, a na-ahụkarịkwa mmiri na-asọ oyi na ugwu nke Ural Ugwu.
Nweta akụrụngwa
Site na iche iche akụrụngwa ịnweta Na Urals amaghị oke n'etiti mpaghara akụ na ụba Russia.
Fig. 5. Maapụ akụ na ụba nke Urals. (Isi mmalite)
Urals abụrụla nnukwu ebe a na-egwupụta ọla na sọlfọ nke obodo a. E nwere puku iri na ise na-enweta akụ dị iche iche. Akụ na ụba nke Urals bụ mmanụ nke ọla na-adịghị mma. Akụrụngwa nkịtị na-adịkarị na Sverdlovsk na Chelyabinsk, n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na Trans-Urals. 2/3 nke ihe ndozi ọla nke Urals dị na nkwụnye ego Kachkanar. A na-etinye mmanụ mmanụ na mpaghara Perm, Udmurtia, Bashkiria na mpaghara Orenburg. Na mpaghara Orenburg bụ mpaghara mmanụ ikuku buru ibu na mpaghara Europe nke mba ahụ. Oke ọla kọpa - na Krasnouralsk, Revda (mpaghara Sverdlovsk), Karabash (mpaghara mpaghara mpaghara Chelyabinsk), Mednogorsk (mpaghara Orenburg). Obere ebe nchekwa dị na mpaghara Chelyabinsk, na coal aja aja - na Kopeisk. Urals nwere nnukwu ikike nke ite na nnu n'ime osisi Verkhnekamsk. Mpaghara a nwekwara ọla na ọla dị oke ọnụ ahịa: ọla edo, ọla ọcha, platinum. Achọpụtara ihe karịrị 5,000 mineral ebe a. Na Ilmensky Reserve, mpaghara 303 km 2 nwere 5% nke mineral niile dị n'elu ụwa.
Odida ala na mmiri
40% nke Urals bụ nke oke ọhịa kpuchie. Oke ohia na-arụ ọrụ ntụrụndụ na ịdị ọcha. Oke ohia nke etiti bu ihe eji enyere ndi ulo oru aka. Perm Territory, Sverdlovsk Region, Bashkiria na Udmurtia bara ụba na oke ohia. Ọdịdị nke ala na-akọkwa ala ebe akọ ahịhịa na ala. Ala Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ebe nile gwụrụ n'ihi ekpughere mmadụ.
Fig. 6. Ọdịdị nke Perm Territory (Isi Iyi)
Urals bara ụba nke osimiri. Enwere puku iri asaa na asaa, mana enyere mpaghara a aka n'ụzọ enweghị mmetọ nke mmiri. Ọtụtụ osimiri ndị ahụ dị na mkpọda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Urals. Osimiri ugwu sitere, ma na elu aka ha adighi erute. Ihe kachasị mkpa agụmakwụkwọ njem ndị njem, ncheta akụkọ ihe mere eme na nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ - obodo ndị dị ka Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg, Perm, Solikamsk, Izhevsk. Lee ndị na-akpali mmasị Ihe okike: Ogige ice Kungur (5.6 kilomita ogologo, nke nwere oke ice 58 na nnukwu ọdọ mmiri), ọgba Kapova (Republic nke Bashkiria, nke nwere ihe osise mgbidi oge ochie), yana Osimiri Chusovaya - otu n'ime osimiri ndị mara mma na Russia.
Fig. 7. Kungur Ice Cave (Isi Iyi)
Fig. 8. Osimiri Chusovaya (Isi Iyi)
Ejirila ọtụtụ akụ nke Urals n'ime ihe karịrị afọ 300, ya mere ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na ha agwụla. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụ nká ka ikwu banyere oke ọgbụgba nke mpaghara akụ na ụba Ural. Eziokwu ahụ bụ na a gụrụ mpaghara ahụ n'ụzọ na-agụghị oke, a na-enyocha ala mmiri dị omimi nke 600-800 m, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịme nyocha ala banyere obosara na ebe ugwu na ndịda mpaghara.
Ememe nke Udmurtia - Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov
Kalashnikov Mikhail Timofeevich - injinia nke obere ngwa agha, onye mepụtara AK-47 ama ama n’ụwa.
Fig. 9. M. Kalashnikov nwere egbe AK-47 wakporo (Isi mmalite)
Na 1947, a nakweere egbe egbe Kalashnikov. Mikhail Timofeevich mụrụ na November 10, 1919 n'ime obodo. Kurya, Altai Territory. Ọ bụ nwa nke 17 na nnukwu ezinụlọ. N'afọ 1948, e zigara Mikhail Timofeevich na Ozhevsk Machine-Building Plant ka ọ hazie nrụpụta nke egbe mbụ AK-47 ya.
Fig. 10. M.T. Kalashnikov (Isi Iyi)
Na 2004, n'obodo Izhevsk (isi obodo Udmurtia) mepere ihe ngosi nka aha ya bụ M.T. Kalashnikov. Umlọ ihe ngosi nka sitere na nchịkọta nke ndị agha na ngwa agha nke ndị Russia na mpaghara ndị mba ọzọ, ngwa agha na ihe onwe aka nke Mikhail Timofeevich. Mikhail Timofeevich nwụrụ na Disemba 23, 2013 n'obodo Izhevsk.
Ural - ókè-ala n'etiti Europe na Eshia
Oke ala dị n'etiti Europe na Eshia bụ nke a na-edokakarị na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ural Ugwu na Mugodzhar, Osimiri Emba, n'akụkụ ụsọ mmiri nke Oké Osimiri Caspian, na ụsọ Kumo-Manych na Kerch Strait.
Fig. 11. Obelisk na Yekaterinburg (Isi Iyi)
Ngụkọta ogologo Ókèla gafee Russia bụ kilomita 5524, nke puku kilomita abụọ dị n'akụkụ Ural, yana 990 km n'akụkụ Oke Osimiri Caspian. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eji nhọrọ ọzọ ekpebie ókè Europe - n'akụkụ Ural Range, Osimiri Ural na mmiri nke Caucasus Range.
Ọdọ Mmiri Turgoyak
Ọdọ mmiri ọdọ mmiri ọdọ bụ otu n'ime ọdọ mmiri ndị mara mma ma dị ọcha na Urals. Ọ dị na nnukwu ugwu dịdebere obodo Miass, Chelyabinsk mpaghara.
Fig. 12. Ọdọ Mmiri Turgoyak (Isi Iyi)
A ghọtara ọdọ ahụ dị ka ihe ncheta eke. Odi omimi - omimi nke omimi ya bu 19 m, ma kacha rute ruru 36.5 m. Ọdọ Lake Turgoyak bụ onye ama ama maka nghọta gosipụtara na ọ dị elu, nke ruru 10-17 m. Turgoyak mmiri dị nso na Baikal. Ala nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ nkume - site na obere okwute rue okwute. N'ọdọ mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị elu ma dị warara. Naanị obere ọwa mmiri na-asọgharị n’ime ọdọ. Isi ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ bụ mmiri dị n'ime ala. N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, ọkwa mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-asọ. N'ikpere mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri Turgoyak enwere ebe ochie.
Akwukwo banyere akwukwo
1. Omenala EA Geography nke Russia: onodu aku na uba na mpaghara: Klas nke iteghete, akwukwo akwukwo maka umu akwukwo nke ulo akwukwo. - M.: Ventana-Graf, 2011.
2. Siteberg A.E. Akụkụ akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. - 2011, 416 p.
3. Atlas na onodu aku na uba, akwukwo 9. - Bustard, 2012.
Njikọ ndị ọzọ tụrụ aro maka ịntanetị
1. Weebụsaịtị wp.tepka.ru (Isi Iyi)
2. Weebụsaịtị fb.ru (Isi Iyi)
3. weebụsaịtị bibliotekar.ru (Isi mmalite)
Ọrụ ụlọ
1. Gwa anyị banyere mpaghara ala nke Urals.
2. Gwa anyị maka enyemaka na ihu igwe nke Urals.
3. Gwa anyị banyere akụ na mmiri nke Urals.
Ọ bụrụ n’ịhụ njehie ma ọ bụ njikọ mebiri emebi, biko mee ka anyị mara - mee onyinye gị maka mmepe ọrụ ahụ.
Ural: atụmatụ ihu igwe
Atụmatụ enyemaka nke Ural Ural na-ekpebi ihu igwe nke ebe ndị a. Ọ bụ ọnọdụ a bụ ihe kpatara nkewapụ mpaghara Ural na mpaghara ihu igwe nwere onwe. Ọnọdụ "kwụ ọtọ" nke ugwu (site na ugwu ruo na ndịda) na-ekpebi ebe mgbagwoju anya na iche iche nke ihu igwe nke Urals.
Ugwu a jikọtara ọnụ ga - abụkwa ihe mgbochi ebigharị na oke ikuku ọdịda anyanwụ na - aga n'ihu na mpaghara a, na - emebi nduzi nke mmegharị ha, nke na - emetụta ọnụ ọgụgụ ihu igwe nke mpaghara:
- na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ala Dị Larịị nke Russia, ụdị ihu igwe dị mma,
- na ala Okirikiri Osimiri West Siberian n'akụkụ Ural Ugwu, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ebe niile.
Ya mere, Ural Range bụ oke ala n'etiti mpaghara ihu igwe nke mpaghara Europe dị na Russia na Siberia.
Ofdị ihu igwe dị na Ural dịgasị iche site na ugwu ruo na ndịda, site na tundra ruo na steppe, dabere na mgbanwe na mpaghara eke. Ka anyị kwuo banyere ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu karị.
Polar Ural
Polar Urals bụ mpaghara ugwu nke Ural Ugwu site na nkume Konstantinov ruo Osimiri Khulga. A na-ekpebi njikwa nke enyemaka ahụ site na mbuze sitere ogologo oge, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, site na mmetụta nke glaciers:
- ndagwurugwu dị omimi,
- ala na-agafe
- ahụkarị glaasi ụlọ (trogs, punches, wdg).
Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke akụkụ Polar nke Urals bụ n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na ókèala ahụ dị na nkwụsị nke ihe ndị cyclones na Europe na anticyclone Siberian dị. Ya mere, ụdị ya bụ mpaghara ụwa nke ọma, bụ nke ndị oke oyi juputara na nnukwu snow na ikuku siri ike mara Okpomoku ikuku na udu mmiri nwere ike ituba-55 Celsius Na udu mmiri doro anya na mpaghara ebea, enwere onodu udu mmiri (onodu ikuku di ala di ala karie ugwu).
Ihe Ure Subpolar
N’ebe Subpolar Ural di, elu nke usoro n'ugwu a ka agbadoro, obosara ya ruru 150km ebe a. Ihe enyemaka a nwere atụmatụ ndị a: ụdị ngosipụta nke mkpọda ugwu ugwu, elu ha dị elu, ugwu ugwu, na-agafe ugwu, mgbago miri emi na ndagwurugwu nke na-ekewa ndagwurugwu ahụ site na ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ.
Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke Subpolar Urals siri ike. Ọ di oke onu ahia, ya na igwe ochi-agha na mkpirikpi. Ọnọdụ ihu igwe siri ike bụ n'ihi ọnọdụ mpaghara ókèala ahụ na oke ịdị elu nke ugwu ahụ. Otu ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta ihu igwe nke Urals na mpaghara polarị ya bụ kwa ọnọdụ nke ugwu dị n'akụkụ oke ikuku, ebe, dị ka edepụtara n’elu, na-ekpebi ọdịiche nke ọnọdụ ihu igwe na mkpọda ugwu Europe na Eshia nke Urals, karịchaa, na nkesa oke.
Ural Ural
Akụkụ ebe ugwu Ural Range sitere na Osimiri Shchuger nke dị n'ebe ugwu ruo na Nkume Kosvinsky nke dị na ndịda. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ebe ndị a na-anaghị enweta mmadụ ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị ebe obibi na ụzọ adịghị. Ma site n’ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ma site n’ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ahịhịa na apịtị gbara gburugburu. Ọnọdụ Ural dị na akuku ugwu ya dị oke njọ. Permafrost zones ka achoputara ebe a. Snow n'ugwu dị na ebe anaghị enwe oge iji gbazee n'oge ọkọchị.
Middle Urals
Middle Urals bụ akụkụ kachasị ala nke ndagwurugwu akpọrọ, nke amachiri ihe dị ka ogo 56 na 59 nke ugwu ugwu. Ugwu kachasị elu n’akụkụ akụkụ ugwu a bụ naanị ihe dịka 700-900. Oke ugwu kachasị elu (Middle Baseg) ruru 994 m. Ndagwurugwu ndị dị ebe niile dị oke obosara.
Ihe ihu igwe nke Middle Urals na-ekpebi kariri site na ikuku Western Western Atlantic. Ofdị ihu igwe dị na mpaghara a, nke a na-akọwa site na ịdị nso nke Siberia na ịdị nso nke Atlantic; yabụ, mgbanwe mgbanwe ebe a na-adị nkọ.
N’elu ọdịda anyanwụ ọdịda mmiri na-ezo karịa n’ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. N'otu oge, obere ugwu dị elu anaghị egbochi ịbanye na ikuku oyi site na Arctic na nkwalite nke ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na ala akọrọ site na ndịda gaa na mpaghara ugwu nke Ural Ugwu. Eziokwu a na - akọwa enweghị ike ihu igwe dị na mpaghara a, ọkachasị n'oge opupu ihe ubi na ụbịa.
Ndịda U Southern
Southern Urals bụ akụkụ kachasị ukwuu nke usoro ugwu dị n'etiti Middle Urals na Mugodzhary (ugwu ndị Ugwu nke Ural dị na mpaghara Kazakhstan). N'ihi oke ukwu nke obosara ya, obosara nke ugwu ahụ rute ebe a ruru 250km. Ókèala a nwere ihe enyemaka dị iche iche dị mgbagwoju anya. The axis bụ mmiri osimiri Ural na Belaya - Uraltau Range.
Na mpaghara ebe a, ihu igwe na-aga nke ọma: sọks na-ekpo ọkụ, ma ikuku oyi ga-esochi. N'oge oyi, ikuku ikuku na-agbadata mgbe ụfọdụ -45 Celsius. Oge ọkọchị na-ekpo ọkụ ruo oge ụfọdụ, na-enwe mmiri ozuzo ugboro ugboro.
Yabụ, nyocha ahụ na-enye anyị ohere ikwubi na ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke mpaghara Ural bụ ihe atụ, nke bụ isi n'ihi peculiarities nke ọnọdụ ala ya.
Njirimara ihu igwe na Urals
Ọnọdụ ihu igwe dị na Urals na-adabere na ọnọdụ ala. Mpaghara a dị anya site n'oké osimiri, dịkwa na kọntinent Eurasia. N'ebe ugwu, Urals dị n'oké osimiri polar, na ndịda - na steepụ Kazakh. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kọwara na ihu igwe nke Urals dị ka ugwu ugwu, ma a na-ahụ ụdị ihu igwe na mbara ala. Mpaghara oke ala nke Subarctic na ihu igwe nwere mmetụta dị mma na mpaghara a. Na mkpokọta, ọnọdụ ndị dị ebe a dị oke njọ, ugwu na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa, na-eme dị ka ihe mgbochi ihu igwe.
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Ọdịda
N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ural, mmiri na-ezo karịa, yabụ enwere oke iru mmiri. Usoro iwu kwa afọ dị ihe dịka 700 milimita. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mmiri ozuzo dị obere, enwere ihu igwe na-adịghị ala. Ihe dị ka milimita anọ nke mmiri na-ada kwa afọ. Ihu igwe nke ikuku na-emetụta oke ihu igwe, nke na-ebu iru mmiri. O metụtara otutu ihe ikuku, na-ebute obere okpomọkụ na nkụ. Na mgbakwunye, ntụgharị ikuku nke Central Asia nwere ike gbanwee ihu igwe kpamkpam.
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A na-ekesa ụzarị anyanwụ na-enweghị nleghara anya na mpaghara niile: mpaghara ndịda Urals na-enweta ọtụtụ n'ime ya, ma na-erughị obere ruo n'akụkụ ugwu. N'ikwu banyere ọnọdụ ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, nkezi oge oyi dị n'ebe ugwu bụ –22 degrees Celsius, na –16 n'ebe ndịda. N'oge ọkọchị, na Northern Urals enwere naanị +8, ebe a na South - +20 na ogo ndị ọzọ. A na-enwe akụkụ polar nke mpaghara ala a site na oge oyi na udu mmiri, nke na-ewe ihe dị ka ọnwa asatọ. Oge ọkọchị ebe a dị mkpụmkpụ, ọ gaghị anọkwa ọnwa na ọkara. N'ebe ndịda, ihe na-abụghị eziokwu bụ: obere mkpirisi na oge nchịkọta, nke na-ewe ọnwa anọ na ise. Oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ na oge opupu ihe ubi na akụkụ dị iche iche nke Urals dị iche na oge. Ọ dị nso na ndịda, oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ dị mkpụmkpụ, oge opupu ihe ubi na-adị ogologo, ma na mgbago mgbago ugwu, ọ bụ ụzọ ọzọ.
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Yabụ, ihu igwe nke Ural dị iche iche. A naghị ekesa okpomoku, iru mmiri na radieshon ọkụ ebe a. Ọnọdụ ihu igwe dị otú a metụtara ụdị ụdị osisi flora na sauna nke Urals.
Obere agwa
Ugwu ahụ gbagoro site na ugwu ruo n’ebe ndịda, ihe karịrị puku kilomita abụọ n’ogologo. Ugwu Ural dịkarịrị ala: nkezi ọnụ ọnụ ugwu ruru akara site na 300 ruo 1200 m. Isi ala kachasị elu bụ obodo Narodnaya, ịdị elu ya bụ 1895 m. N'ime atụmatụ nhazi, ugwu nke mpaghara a bụ nke Ural Federal District, na akụkụ ndịda mkpuchi nke Kazakhstan.
N'ihi eziokwu ahụ na elu ugwu ahụ nwere obosara dị warara, ịdị elu nke ugwu nta dịkwa ntakịrị, enweghị ihu igwe akpọtụrụ maka mpaghara ndị yiri mpaghara ahụ. Ihu igwe nke Urals nwere njiri mara nke ya. Ugwu nwere nnukwu mmetụta na nkesa nke ikuku n'ihi eziokwu na a na-agbakwunye ha n'otu. Enwere ike ịkpọ ha ihe mgbochi na-agaghị agafe ikuku ikuku ọdịda anyanwụ. Maka nke a, ọnụọgụ mmiri ka dị na mpaghara: mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ na-enweta obere mmiri - 400-550 mm / afọ, ọdịda anyanwụ - 600-800 mm / afọ. Nke ikpeazụ a nwekwara ike ịkagbu mmetụta nke ikuku; ihu igwe dị ebe a na-eme mmiri ma dị mma. Ma mkpọda nke ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ dị na mpaghara ọdịda akọrọ.
Mpaghara Ihu Igwe
Ókèala a metụtara akụkụ abụọ nke ihu igwe: na nsọtụ ugwu nke Ural Ugwu, mpaghara subarctic, ebe nke ọzọ dị na mpaghara ihu igwe dị ọkụ.
Ekwesiri icheta na ihu igwe nke Ural Ugwu na-erube isi n'iwu nke latitudinal zonality, ọ bụ ebe a ka akpọpụtara ya.
Pai Hoi
Ugwu ochie a dị na oke ugwu nke Ural Ugwu. Ihe kachasị dị na mpaghara a bụ Moreiz (ịdị elu 423 m). Ugwu ugwu pai-Hoi abughi ugwu di elu, kama obu ugwu di iche. Ihu igwe nke Ural a na-akpọ mpaghara subarctic, a naghị ahụ usoro ọmụmụ mmiri. Nke a bụ mpaghara permafrost, oge oyi na-achị ihe ka ọtụtụ n'afọ, na nkezi ikuku ikuku na Jenụwarị bụ 20 Celsius C n'okpuru efu, na July ọ bụ + 6 Celsius. Obere nrị dị elu n’oge udu mmiri nwere ike iru -40 Celsius. N'ihi ọdịiche nke ihu igwe na Pai Hoi, a na-egosipụta mpaghara tundra eke.
Mugodzhary
Ugwu a na-ahụ maka ugwu dị ala, ndịda Ugwu Ural. Ala a dum dị na ókèala Kazakhstan. Obere okpomoku nke 300-400 m, na nke a, ókèala ahụ nwere ihu igwe akọrọ. Enweghị mkpuchi snow, a naghị ahụkarị ihu igwe dị mma, yana ọdịda.
Kwuru site na ọkachamara
Ural bụ nnukwu ókèala nke malitere site n'ụsọ Oké Osimiri Arctic ruo na mpaghara ndịda Ọ na-agafe ọtụtụ mpaghara eke.
Enwere ike kee Ural n’ime Ural na Trans-Urals, ọnọdụ eke dị iche iche na-adị iche na ibe ha.
A na-enwe mmiri ozuzo karịa nke ọdịda anyanwụ nke Urals, ihu igwe dị mfe ma dị iru mmiri karịa nke ọwụwa anyanwụ.Ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, mmiri na-erughị ala, ihu igwe na-agbakwu ala karị ma kọntaktị kọntinent karịa.
Ihu igwe nke Urals na-emetụta njem ụgbọ elu nke ọdịda anyanwụ, nnukwu ebe mbuso agha site na ugwu ruo na ndịda, yana ịdị nso nke Oké Osimiri Arctic.