"Ihe a… .bu eze agwọ. Ndi mmadu, ebe ha huru ya, gbalaga, na-azoputa ndu ha, n’ihi na o nwere ike igbu karia isi ya. Ọbụna na-ele mmadụ anya, ọ na-egbu ... " Nke a bụ ihe e dere na bestiary ochie (akwụkwọ mgbe ochie nke gụnyere ozi banyere ihe ndị dị adị na ihe ndị e kere eke na-akọ akụkọ) gbasara ihe ọdịyo dị egwu.
A na-ahụta basilisk dị ka akụkọ ifo, akụkọ ifo, mana, dịka ị maara, na akụkọ akụkọ niile enwere eziokwu. M na-atụ aro ka mikpuo n'ime ụwa akụkọ na-atọ ụtọ na akụkọ ọdịbendị na ịchọpụta onye bụ isi ya na ikike mmadụ dị ịtụnanya nyere ya.
Ihe omuma ziga anyi na oge ochie rue Africa nke di anya, ma kpoo karie ala ozara nke Libya. E nwere obere agwọ ọjọọ ma na-egbu egbu nwere akara ọcha na isi ya. Ndị bi na ndị njem na-atụ egwu izute ya n'ụzọ, n'ihi na agwọ agwọ na-egbu, ikike ya dị ịtụnanya iji isi ya bulie elu, dabere na ọdụ ya na-atụ ya ụjọ. Amabeghị ezigbo agwọ ahụ, mana ndị Grik kpọrọ ya basilisk, nke pụtara “eze.”
Asịrị ahụ banyere agwọ dị egwu rutere Europe ma, n'ezie, tojuru ọtụtụ nkọwa dị egwu n'okporo ụzọ ahụ.
Ihe Ncheta na Pliny na Como. XV narị afọ
Foto: JoJan, en.wikipedia.org
Nke a bụ ihe Pliny nke okenye dere (onye edemede Rome, narị afọ nke 1 A.D) banyere ọrụ ebube nke ọzara:
“Ihe nchoputa nwere ikike di egwu: onye obula huru ya nwuo ngwa ngwa. Onwere ebe dị ọcha n’isi ya nke yiri ọrịrị. Ogologo ya adịghị ihe karịrị sentimita iri atọ. O na ejide agwo ozo ozo were nu aru ya megharia, ghara idoghari aru ya dum, kama bulite akuku nke ya. Ọ bụghị naanị site na mmetụ ahụ, kamakwa site na ume nke basilisk, ahịhịa na ahịhịa na-amị, na nkume na-amị ọkụ ... "
Ihe omuma ohuru na-ekpughe akụkọ banyere ọzara, ihe ndị bụ isi bụ ụta maka ọnwụ nke ndụ niile gbara gburugburu na ọdịdị nke ájá.
Weasel na-awakpo basilisk. Na-adọta site na ihe odide ochie
Foto: Isi mmalite
Nke a mere anụmanụ na - eji nwayọ wee ghọọ nnukwu anụ mmiri, n'ihi echiche mmadụ enweghị atụ na egwu mmadụ, yana ihe ndị ọzọ.
Ndị Gris, na-akpọ eze agwọ ahụ, arụpụtara ya ọrụ nke onye na-achị achịkwa ihe ụmụ anụmanụ na-agagharị: agwọ, ndị na-egbu egbu, agụ iyi. Ndị Rome sụgharịrị aha basilisk gaa n'asụsụ Latin, o wee bụrụ iwu (Regulus), nke pụtakwara "eze."
Ejiri basilisk kwenye na ikike igbu ihe niile dị ndụ, ọ bụghị naanị site na iku ume, kamakwa site n'ile anya, dị ka Medusa nke Gorgon. Site n'ụzọ, onye edemede Rome bụ Mark Anney Lucan kwenyere na basilisk ahụ pụtara site n'ọbara nke Medusa gburu, nke bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya, n'ihi na kama ntutu isi, agwọ dị n'isi Gorgon. Gaghị elebanye anya n'anya nke basilisk ahụ, ma ọ bụghị, ị ga-enyocha ya, ma nwee ike imeri ya site na enyemaka nke enyo iji mee ka nrịba nke basilisk dị na ya megide onwe ya.
E nwere anụ ọhịa dị n’ụwa nke nwere ike imeri ihe ndị na-adịghị mkpa na - ọ bụ weasel, obere onye na-eri anụ si n’ezinụlọ marten. Weasel enweghị mmasi maka atụmatụ aghụghọ niile nke basilisk. Ọ na-atụ egwu basilisk na mkpu cockerel, ọ na-agbara ya ọsọ, ma nwedị ike ịnwụ.
Esemokwu dị n'etiti basilisk na rooster bụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị, n'ihi na ọ bụ ya na okeokpo ka ejikọtara akụkọ banyere ọmụmụ nke anụmanụ mara mma. Ihe aru ogwu nke Pierre de Beauvais (1218) na-agwa na akwa Basilisk malitere itolite n’ahu ozu oke. Nwa oke na-atụnye ya n’ebe zoro ezo n’elu ikpo ahịhịa, ebe tosh na-eweta ya. Anụmanụ na-esi n'isi akwa ọkpa, ahụ anụ ahụ na ọdụ ọdụ ya nwere ogologo. Dabere na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ, ọ bụghị basilisk, mana kuroolisk, ma ọ bụ cocatrice, onye ikwu ya. Mana kuroolisk adịghị ike karịa ihe ndị na - eme mmiri; agwọ na anụ ndị ọzọ adịghị efe ya.
Ikike ogwe aka nke mpaghara Kazan nwere nkọwa nke gọọmentị, nke Alexander nke Abụọ, 1856 kwadoro
Foto: Depositphotos
Enwere ụdị e kere eke na Russia, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ ya ogige. Ogige, ma ọ bụ ogige ahụ - ezigbo onye ikwu nke brownie, biri na mbara èzí nke ụlọ ahụ. N'ehihie, ọ dị ka agwọ nwere isi ọkpa na mpe, n'abalị ọ wee nwee ihe yiri nke onye nwe ụlọ. Ogige ahụ bụ mmụọ nke ụlọ na yad. Mana o jiri agwo mee enyi ma o bughi ya, amaghi.
N'oge Renaissance, emere ọtụtụ arụmọrụ nke ala site n'akụkụ nke anụmanụ dị n'oké osimiri. E gosipụtara ihe nrịba ama nke ụlọ ụka, medallion na uwe agha. N'akwụkwọ heraldic, basilisk nwere isi na ukwu nke ọkpa, anụ ufe kpuchiri akpịrịkpa, na ọdụ ọdụ.
Ma ugbu a ị nwere ike ịchọta onyonyo nke ihe atụ. Iji maa atụ, n’obodo Basel (Switzerland) enwere ihe ncheta basilisk, ndị bi n’obodo ahụ wee were ya dị ka onye mgba ha. (Mara: na Grik, leta "b" (beta) mechara bụrụ mkpụrụedemede "c", nke mere na okwu "basilisk" dara ụda na mbụ dịka "basilevsk" - basiliskos.) Ihe ncheta nke Basilisk na Basel
Foto: jjjulia4444, Isi Iyi
Okpukpo ukwu a na - abụkarị dike nke akwụkwọ akụkọ. Na Joan Rowling, n'akwụkwọ Harry Potter na Chamber of Secrets, eze agwọ ochie nọchiri anya basilisk, naanị nke buru nnukwu ibu (ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mita 20), nke dị iche na basilisk oge ochie, mana ọ bụghị ya nwere àgwà niile akpọrọ n'elu.
Ma lee otu Sergei Drugal, onye edemede Russia na-ede akụkọ ifo si kọwaa eze agwọ agwọ isi obodo Basilisk (1986):
“Ọ na-emegharị mpi ya, anya ya na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-acha odo odo, okirikiri a na-efegharị efegharị. Ma ya onwe-ya bu odo odo-oji nwere odo odo Isi triangular nke nwere ọnụ ojii na-acha uhie uhie mepere emepe ... Mmiri ọnụ ya dị oke egwu ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-adị n'okwu dị ndụ, mgbe ahụ carbon ga-eji silicon dochie silicon. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị mfe, ihe niile dị ndụ na-atụgharị nkume wee nwụọ, n'agbanyeghị na enwere arụmụka na mmanụ a na-esite na Basilisk na-abịa, mana ndị chọrọ inyocha ya alaghachighị azụ ... "
N'ime alaeze nke anụmanụ, ugbu a ị nwere ike izute anụmanụ nke yiri oke ala - nke a chameleon lizardnke anakpo Kriast. Nnukwu anụ a bi n'oké ọhịa Costa Rica na Venezuela. Ihe nkịta ahụ enweghị ọnwụ, mana o nwere otu ikike dị ịtụnanya: ọ nwere ike na-agba mmiri. Iji mee nke a, ọ na-agbachasị ọsọ ọsọ ma na-aga n'elu mmiri, na-awagharị dị ka obere okwute. Maka ikike a, a na-akpọ anụmanụ dị ịtụnanya Christ Lizard.
Na njem nke a na - agbada isi ihe bịara na njedebe. Enwere ike inwe otu nkwubi okwu site na ihe ndị e kwuru n'elu: okike dị ịtụnanya nke okike na echiche mmadụ bụ naanị ụlọ ebe a na-echekwa akụkọ ifo na akụkọ mgbe ochie, nke anyị enweghị ike iju anyị anya ruo taa.
Aha izizi nke basilisk
A nabatara ya na basilisk (sitere na Greek - “eze”) bụ n'ezie anụmanụ, agwọ, ka ọ bụrụ nke kachasị.
Na mbara ọzara nke Libya, enwere agwọ nwere ebe oji dị ọcha n’isi ya, nsị nke nwere ike igbu mmadụ ma ọ bụrụ na otu iburu ya. Na mgbakwunye, basilisk nwere ike ịmegharị ya na isi ya dị elu, dabere na ọdụ ya, nke nyere ya obere ibu karịa ka ọ dị n'ezie. Crest dị na isi rụrụ ọrụ nke okpueze, yana "nrịgo" ya n'elu ala, nke mechara bụrụ ihe kpatara aha a, n'ụzọ nkịtị - "eze nke agwọ."
Nke a bụ etu ihe si banye na mbu. A kọwara ya dị ka ihe e kere eke dị egwu, onye ọbịa nye ụwa anyị ma nwee ike igbu ya naanị otu anya.
Analogs dị adị
Dabere na Bible, nke e kwesịrị ịlaghachi mgbe e mechara, a na-akpọ basilisk ahụ agwọ nwere nhụsianya, mana enweghị nkọwa pụtara. O nwere ike bụrụ adder ma ọ bụ cobra.
N'otu oge, a na-ewere viper a pịrị apị ka ọ bụrụ ọrịa, emesịa onye ọzọ ya na ya na-acha ọcha. Ozo, basilisk bu aha nke ndi nwere ugha, nke natara aha otutu n'ihi aha ha na echiche nke basilisk dika chimera, nke jikọtara njirimara nke ọkụkọ na agwọ.
Enweghị ego anaghị emerụ mmadụ ahụ. Ildị basilisk dị otú ahụ na-eri ụmụ ahụhụ na nsị ya nwere ike ibute mbufụt n'ihi nje na ezé nke nnụnụ ahụ.
Baịbụl kwuru
Aspid nke Egypt ma ọ bụ "agwọ agwọ Cleopatra"
Onweghi nkwekorita banyere ihe isi akwukwo di na akwukwo nso, ya bu, nsughari agba ochie na Greek.
Dabere na ụfọdụ isi, e wepụrụ onyinyo nke basilisk site na viper n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, okwu ahụ n'onwe ya, n'asụsụ Hibru dị ka "cef", pụtara naanị agwọ ọjọọ.
Kaosinadị, enweghị ezigbo nkọwa nke okwu a. Na mkpokọta, ndị ọkà mmụta Akwụkwọ Nsọ kwenyere na agbụrụ ọjọọ ọ bụla, ọkachasị ndị ezinụlọ Aspid, ya bụ, ụmụ ajụala na ubí, kwesịrị ka ewere ya isi.
N'okwu a, basilisk nwere nkọwa yiri ya na okwu a "echidna" pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị "nsi, agwọ na-egbu egbu." O nweghi ebe ekwuputara ọnọdụ ọchịchị eze nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ.
Amara na ekwensu
John the ọkà mmụta okpukpe ji nnukwu ọkwa nke aka ya n’aka. Ntem ke gosiputara ngbukpo John
N'ime akwụkwọ nsọ, nnukwu agwọ bụ ihe atụ dabara na mmụọ ozi ahụ dara ada, onye na-anwa ndị mmadụ ọnwụnwa.
Na dragọn ahụ, basilisk nakweere atụmatụ nke "nna nna" ya ma a na-ejikarị ihe oyiyi nke mmụọ ọjọọ.
Ọtụtụ mgbe, ihe ngosi basilisk na-egosi hypertrophied, nwere nku na nnukwu crest na akara ngosi Christian na mural.
N'akụkọ ifo ndị mmadụ na Europe, ihe a na-ahụkarị bụ ihe ọjọọ n'onwe ya, ma ọ jikọtaghị mmụọ na mmụọ ọjọọ.
Agbanyeghị, na-eburu n'uche na agwọ n'ozuzu ya nwere ihe osise na-ezighi ezi, onyonyo nke basilisk n'ozuzu ya bụ ihe na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nwebeghi njiri mara mma dị ka ịmụgharị ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ.
Heraldic pụtara
Ihe nchoputa a di na akara eji mara heraldic, nke juru ebe nile n’ulo ndi Western.
N'ụzọ nkịtị, ọ pụtara ịdị adị, ike na oke.
Ejiri ya ụjọ, wee si otú a mebie ike nke ọkpụrụkpụ onye họọrọ ya dị ka akara ya.
Agbanyeghị, n'otu oge ahụ, a na - ejikwa basilisk iji gosipụta aghụghọ, mbipụta abụọ, oke iwe na iwe. Dị ka agwọ ndị ọzọ, ọ na-abịakarịghị na ogwe aka nke ezinụlọ ndị dị mkpa, na-agbaso akara ndị ọzọ bara uru.
Mgbanwe nke onyinyo ahụ na mgbanwe na anụ ọjọọ
N'ụzọ dị egwu, ihe ndị a na-eme na mbụ bụ ọrụ dịịrị onye edemede Pliny, onye nyere narị afọ nke mbụ nkọwa nke agwọ dị n'ọzara.
Dịka ya si kwuo, enwere mmejọ basilisk kpọmkwem na ọdịdị nke ájá, n'ihi na "ahịhịa na-akpọ nkụ n'ihu ya, okwute na-amaja", na mgbakwunye, agwọ ahụ nwere oke iwe n'ihi na "ụmụnne ya na-agba ọsọ," "basilisk gburu otu nwoke nwere naanị otu anya."
Mgbe akụkọ ihe mere eme eruola Europe, ọ na-ebufere nkọwa na akụkọ na-emenye ụjọ ngwa ngwa.
Kama a “diadem”, achịkọ ọkpọ, nku na paws pụtara n’isi ọkwa ahụ.
N'iburu n'ogologo 30 centimita, basilisk, ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe ike na nke jọgburu onwe ya, nke na-egwu ya megide akụkọ ifo.
E si na mmiri ara ehi ara, akwa ezuru ya na ọria, ọria bu ọrịa ndị ahụ, ebe ọ bụ ihe ruru unyi ma dịkwa njọ.
Otu n'ime ndị edemede Rome, Mark Anney Lucan, kwenyere na ihe ahụ na-ata isi na-esite n'ọbara nke jelii, dị ka ihe na-akpụ akpụ na-akpụ akpụ, nke nyere ya ohere iji anya ya gbuo ihe niile dị ndụ.
Agbanyeghị, ụdị ọkụkọ ya nwere isi ọkụkọ ka bụ ụzọ kacha mkpa. N'akụkọ ifo, basilisk chebere ọdịdị a: isi nke ọkụkọ nwere oke ọkpa, anụ ahụ nwere nku nwere nku kpuchie.
Bestiary Pierre de Beauvais
Pierre de Beauvais rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmụọ ọjọọ nke basilisk, nke basilisk sitere na nwa ọkpa ochie, ahụ nke ọ “tozuru etozu”.
Nwa oke na-akwa akwa n’elu ikpo ahihia, emesia ọ na-eme ka ọ banye n’ime ahịhịa. Anụmanụ ahụ akọwapụtara n’elu na-agbaji shei ahụ, ọ na - emerụ ọkụkọ ndị ọzọ ma na - ezobe ogologo oge.
Ọ dị nnọọ gara gara ma na-agba ọsọ, ya mere o siri ike ịchọpụta basilisk ahụ.
N'otu oge ahụ, kurolisk na cocatrice sitere na basilisk.
N'adịghị ka ndị nna nna ha, ha enweghịzi ikike ịchịkwa agwọ, mana ha na-eme ihe ike, iku ume ha nwere ike imerụ ma ụmụ mmadụ ma gburugburu ebe obibi.
Enwekwara echiche n’oge emepe emepe na Alexander Onye Ukwu gburu basilisk ahụ. Agwọ ahụ nọ ọdụ n’elu mgbidi e wusiri ike, dị ka nsụgharị ọzọ si dị - n’elu ugwu ahụ, wee jiri anya ya gbuo ndị agha niile. Mgbe ahụ Alexander nyere iwu ka o kpuchie enyo ahụ ma mee ka agwọ ahụ legharịa anya onwe ya, bụ nke gburu ihe nrị.
O kwere omume na akụkọ ochie ahụ sitere na akụkọ ifo ndị Gris, ebe ọ bụ na akụkọ ifo ndị Gris onye dike Pesọs na-eme ka ọta ya nwee ike ịkụda Gorgon.
N'otu oge ahụ, Albert the Great na narị afọ nke 13 jụrụ ikwere na isi anụ ọkụkọ, nke tọgbọrọ ntọala maka ikwu okwu na-enweghị isi na ntụziaka nke isi akụkọ.
Echiche nke Cryptozoological
Na Renaissance, a kpọtụghị aha ihe na-akawanye njọ ebe ọ bụ na enweghị akwụkwọ akaebe banyere ịdị adị ya.
Ihe nkata ma ọ bụ “nkịta nke Jizọs Kraịst”
Na mbu a ghotara ya dika onye di ndu, ma o nweghi udiri isi nke ndi n’adighi ọcha, karikwa otu a na njiri ya na omume nke okeokpo. Mgbe ahụ echiche ahụ gbahapụrụ kpamkpam, ụwa sayensị wee webata echiche na akụkọ ọdịnala ahụ nwere na ala Afrịka bụ ịnwa ịkọwa mmalite nke ibis, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa na akụkọ ifo Egypt oge ochie.
Ha nwara ịkọwa ihe mmalite nke ihe mmalite site na obere ihe ọmụma na zoology na usoro ndị metụtara. Iji maa atụ, ndụdụ, ndị na - ahụ nchara na ọbụna ụfọdụ ụdị agwọ ka ewerere ya.
N'oge a, ihe ndabere bụ otu n'ime ihe atụ dị omimi n'ọmụmụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ na akụkọ ifo, gụnyere Slavic. Ebe a maara ya dị ka "yad patio" ma nwee aha ọjọọ.
Na ókèala Costa Rica enwere ụzụ a na-akpọ "Christ", ọdịdị ya fọrọ nke nta ikwugharị onyinyo nke ala, ma e wezụga ọnụnọ nke nku. N'ọtụtụ ụzọ, nnụnụ a na n'ezie, ụdị "basilisks" bụ naanị ihe atụ dị adị nke cryptid ndị a kpọtụrụ aha ruo taa.
Basilisk na akwukwo nso
Na Bible, okwu a bu “basilisk” nke mbu putara na ntughari agba ochie site na Hibru rue n'asusu Grik oge ochie (Septuagint, III - I narị afọ BC) na Latin (Vulgata, IV - V narị afọ). Ejikwa ya na Russian Synodal Translation (XIX narị afọ).
N’asụsụ Hibru, Tanakh, enweghị ntule aka nke okwu a bu “basilisk”. Karịsịa, na Abụ Ọma nke 91 nke Tanakh (kwekọrọ na Abụ Ọma nke 90 nke ederede Grik na Russian nke Abụ Ọma) Ebe okwu a bu Dr. Hib. “פתן” (“ọdụm, nwa ọdụm”), na akwụkwọ nke onye amụma Aịsaịa Tanah - ọzọ Hib. "אפעה".
Na mgbakwunye, “basilisk” ahụ sitere na nsụgharị Synodal nke Deuterọnọmi kwekọrọ n'okwu Hibru saraf ("Ọkụ"), nke nwere ike ịpụta agwọ ọjọọ, na Akwụkwọ nke onye amụma Jeremaịa okwu Hibru kwekọrọ na ya cefa, ma ọ bụ tsifonina-egosi agwọ jọgburu onwe ya - viper Eastern (Vipera xanthina) .
Septuagint
A kpọrọ okwu ahụ “basilisk” (Greek: “,”) n'asụsụ Grik nke agba ochie, Septuagint, ugboro abụọ - n'Abụ Ọma nke 90 (Abụ Ọma 90:13) na Akwụkwọ nke Aịsaịa (Aịsaịa 59: 5, Ederede Greek nke amaokwu).
Cyril nke Aleksandria, na-akọwa akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ nke Aisaia onye amụma kwuru, gosipụtara na basilisk bụ nwa nke ọgwụ: “Ma ha hihiere na ngụkọta oge ahụ, ha ga-enwetakwa otu ihe ahụ ndị ahụ na-agbaji akwa aspids nọ n'okpuru nzuzu dị ukwuu n'ihi na, tiwara ha , ha ahughi ihe ozo n’ime ha ma ewezuga basilisk. Nwa nke agwọ a dị oke ize ndụ, na nke a, akwa a adịghị mma. ”
Isi nkọwa a na-emegide eziokwu ahụ dị na Is. 14:29 ekwuru na nkpuru nke asp bu “nnunu eji efe efe.” Agbanyeghị, ụzọ esi amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti agwọ na-efe efe, nke a kwenyere na ya na basilis.
Na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Greek-Russian nke Butler ἀσπίς, ἀσπίδος (asp) na-egosipụta agwọ nke ụdị Coluber aspis, Coluber haye ma ọ bụ Naia haye.
Nsụgharị European Western
Ederede Latin na Bible, Vulgate, nwere okwu a “basiliscum” (ọ dị ugbu a n’abụ ọma 90), ụdị ikpe nke lat."Basiliscus". (Nke ikpeazụ si n'asụsụ Grik “βασιλίσκος.”)
Okwu Bekee "basilisk" kwekọrọ na Bekee mmanya na basilisk , na Bible Bekee nke King James kpọtụrụ aha na mbụ ugboro anọ: ugboro atọ n’ime Akwụkwọ Aisaia (Aisaia 11: 8, Aisaia 14:29, Aisaia 59: 5 - na ntụgharị Synodal okwu a "basilisk" adịghị adị) na otu akwụkwọ nke Onye Amụma Jeremaịa (n'otu ebe ya na onye nnọchi anya Russian ya na Synodal Translation) .
Odsụgharị Synodal
Site na nkowa di na Diuterọnọmi, anyi puru ikpebi na basiliki di n’etiti ndi bi njo di nma n’ime ozara, nke Chineke naputara ndi Ju n’oge ha noghari (Deut. 8:15), Jeremaia dere banyere ihe ndia, na edeputa ntaramahuhu nke Chineke n’abia n’iru (Jer 8:17) ) N'ikpeazụ, e kwuru okwu banyere ihe ae kere eke n'Abụ Ọma nke 90:will ga-azọ Aspida na ihe nkwụ, ị ga-azọ ọdụm na dragọn ahụ"(Abù Ọma 90:13), -, lee, ihe a na - ahụ ụzọ bụ nnukwu ihe egwu dị egwu nke Onye-nwe na - ekwe nkwa ichekwaba onye ezi omume.
Nkọwa nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ
N'ime Akwụkwọ Nsọ, okwu a "basilisk", na nkọwa ya "echidna", pụtara agwọ ọ bụla. Ọ bụ ezie na ịchọpụta ezi ihe siri ike, agwọ dị n'ụlọ ezighi ezi, gụnyere agwọ ubí, na ezinụlọ na-adọrọ adọrọ.
N'otu oge ahụ, amaokwu abụọ nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ (Abụ Ọma 90:13, Aịsa 59: 5) aspids na basilisks dị iche. Ammianus Marcellinus, onye dịrị ndụ na narị afọ nke anọ, nwekwara aspids, echidnas, basilisks na agwọ ndị ọzọ.
Na "Encyclopedia Juu nke Brockhaus na Efron", amatala nhọrọ ụfọdụ maka iji kọwaa basilisk na ụfọdụ ụdị agwọ, mana a ghọtara nghota dị na nsogbu ahụ siri ike.
Na Akwukwo Nkọwapụta, nke A.P. Lopukhin deziri, ejikọtara akwụkwọ nsọ nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ na agwọ ndị India.
Na nkọwa nke senti mbụ nke Christian na ọkà mmụta okpukpe John Cassian, ihe nrịbama bụ onyinyo nke ndị mmụọ ọjọọ na ekwensu, ihe ọjọọ nke basilisk bụ onyinyo nke anyaụfụ.
Ihe nnọchi anya ochie
Eleghi anya, akụkọ ifo a sitere na nkọwa nke ntakịrị agwọ jọgburu onwe ya, nke a na-ewere dị ka ihe dị nsọ na Egypt, site na nkọwa nke anụmanụ niile na agwọ ọjọọ, bụ nke Aristotle kwuru na narị afọ nke anọ BC. e. na Pseudo-Aristotle.
Nkọwa nke ihe atụ dị ka akụkọ ifo a dị na Pliny “Akụkọ ihe mere eme” nke Okenye (I narị afọ nke A.D.), edere, gbadoro ụkwụ n'ọrụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Greek na akụkọ mgbe ochie. Dị ka ya si kwuo, ihe ndị a na-ahụ maka ya na-adị nso na Cyrenaica, ogologo ya ruru 30 cm, ebe ntụpọ ọcha dị n'isi ya yiri okpu. Cyclopfọdụ akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma nke ngwụsị narị afọ nke XIX kwuru na Pliny kwuru na ya enweghị, na agwọ ahụ nwere odo odo ma na-eto ya n'isi. Agwo obula niile gbapuru n the isi ala. Ọ na-emegharị megharia dị ka agwọ ndị ọzọ, mana na-ebulite akụkụ nke etiti ya. O nwere ikike igbu ọ bụghị naanị nsi, kamakwa anya, isi, na-agba ahịhịa ma mebie nkume. Lucan, onye dere n'otu afọ ahụ Pliny, kwenyere na basilisk ahụ pụtara site n'ọbara nke onye gburu Gorgon Medusa, onye nwekwara okike.
Plain bụ nke Gaius Julius Solin kwugharịrị na narị afọ nke III, mana enwere obere ọdịiche: ogologo nke agwọ ahụ dị ihe dịka 15 cm, ntụpọ ahụ dị n'ụdị ekike ọcha, ekwughị banyere anya na-egbu egbu, kama ọ bụ naanị oke nsi nke nsi na isi. Oge ndụ ya, Heliodor dere banyere ihe adịghị anyụ anyụ, nke na-eku ume ya ma na-eleda ma mebisịa ihe ọ bụla ọ na-abịa.
Pliny dere banyere akụkọ mgbe otu onye na-agba ịnyịnya jiri mma were osisi merụọ ya isi, ma nsị ahụ gbadara n'osisi ma gbuo onye na-agba ịnyịnya ya na ọbụna ịnyịnya ahụ. A na-ahụta atụmatụ dị otu a na uri nke Lucan banyere etu Basilisk si gbuo ndị agha, mana otu onye agha zọpụtara site na bebi aka ya merụrụ ahụ nke basilisk, nke na-agbada ube ahụ.
Pliny dere na akwa nwere ike iji isi ya gbuo basilisk, na-abanye n'ime oghere ya, mana n'otu oge ahụ ha na-anwụ onwe ha. Ekutara iro nke basiliks na weasels na ọrụ e nyere na Democritus, onye biri na narị afọ nke III BC. e. Kemgbe narị afọ nke abụọ AD e. ekwenyere na mkpu nke ọkpa ji egbu osisi ahụ, yabụ dụrụ ya ọdụ ka ọ buru anụmanụ ndị a na onu.
Ekwuru na enwere ike ime amulet na potions di iche iche n'anya anya na oria basilisk.
"Hieroglyphics" IV narị afọ BC e. a na-ekwu na ndị Ijipt nwere ageroglyph nwere agwọ, nke ha kpọrọ "Uraeus", nke n'asụsụ Grik pụtara "basilisk", ọ pụtakwara "ebighi ebi." Ndi Ijipt kwenyere na agwo ahihia a anaghi anwu anwu, site na iku ume ya o nwere ike igbu ihe ozo obula, akowara ya n’elu isi nke chi ndia. Nke a hieroglyph sere onyinyo nke Anyanwụ na chi nwanyị Wajit - nnabata nke Lower Egypt. A na-etinye ọdụ osisi Urea ọla edo n'egedege ihu nke ndị Farao dị ka akụkụ nke isi ala eze.
Ọkammụta ihe omimi I.I. Akimushkin na ndị edemede ndị ọzọ tụrụ aro na basilisk bụ mkpamkpa mara atụ. Ihe onyonyo ya nwere mpi bu ihe nlere nke ndi Egypt puru aputa “ụda” a, Pliny Okenye nwere ike buru okpu nwere okpueze, nke mere ka aha Gri a jiri “isi” - “eze”.
Nwa nnụnụ mụrụ
Dika nkwenye ochie si di, a mụrụ basilisks site na akwa nke nnunu ibis, nke, na-eri akwa agwọ, oge ufodu na-etinye akwa ya site na onu ogugu ya (ikekwe nke a bu nkowa nke onyinyo nke ibis ya na onu agwo). Edemede banyere nkwenkwe ahụ site n'aka ndị edemede nke narị afọ nke anọ: ọkà mmụta okpukpe Cassian, onye connoisseur nke Egypt, onye kwuru na "enweghị obi abụọ ọ bụla na a mụrụ basilisks site na akwa nnụnụ, nke a na-akpọ Egypt n'Iisis," na Ammianus Marcellinus, onye akụkọ banyere basilisk na-esote ozugbo akpọtụrụ ndị Ijipt. nkwenye. Gaius Julius Solin na narị afọ nke III dekwara banyere nkwenkwe bụ́ na imeju iri na-eri agwọ ndị jọgburu onwe ya ma dina n'ọnụ.
Dọkịta T. Brown dere nke narị afọ nke 17 dere na ọrụ ahụ siri ike “Mpụ na Delusions” na onye njem zoologist A. Б. Brem nke narị afọ nke 19, onye zoro aka na mbipụta ochie nke VB Pierio (Bekee) Russian. E ji ihe atụ nke ihe mmiri basilisk nweta ya. Ha kọwara nkwenkwe na iri akwa nsen ma ọ bụ nke na-efe efe na-emetụta agwọ nke nnụnụ ahụ n'onwe ha na agwọ. Ya mere, ndi Ijipt etinyere akwa nke icisiri acho nke mere na basilis enweghi aka, obu ezie na ha hapuru umu nnunu ndi a maka iri agwọ.
Midia Cock Agwo
N'oge emepechabeghị anya, ejiri nkọwa ọhụrụ ndị ọzọ wee nweta ihe onyonyo a bụ isi ya, nke a na-ete ya site na akwa akwa ochie, nke a na-etinye ya na ahịhịa ma bulie ya. A na - ahụta ihe atụ dị ka ọkpa na ọdụ ọdụ, mgbe ụfọdụ na - eji akwa akwa, mgbe ụfọdụ enwere nhọrọ ndị ọzọ. A na-ahụ aha mbụ dị otú ahụ na Pierre de Beauvais (Fr.) Russian. na mmalite nke narị afọ nke XIII. Ọ na-ekwughachi nkọwa Pliny, na-akọwa basilisk ahụ dịka agwọ ejidere, mana na-ekwupụtakwa na mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-egosi ya dịka oke ọkpa nwere ọdụ agwọ, na-enye ihe oyiyi yiri ya, na mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-amụ ya site na anụ iyi. Na agbanyeghi na nkwenye na basilisk kwekọrọ na nkwenkwe nke ụka a na-agaghị agọnarị, Albert the Great na narị afọ nke 13 tụlere akụkọ akụkọ ifo banyere nku nke nwere nku nwere nku.
E kwenyekwara na ọ bụrụ na i jiri enyo gosipụta basilisk ahụ, ọ ga-anwụ na-ahụ onwe ya, dị ka Gorgon Medusa. Ikpe a kpasuru mkparị okwu ọjọọ nke onye nyocha narị afọ nke 11. Al-Biruni: "Gịnị kpatara agwọ ndị a ka na - ebibughị ibe ha?" . Na narị afọ nke XIII, nchịkọta nke akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi "Ọrụ Ndị Rom" pụtara, na mbipụta ya agbakwunyere "Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke agha nke Alexander Onye Ukwu", nke nọ na ya, na-anọdụ n'elu mgbidi ebe e wusiri ike (n'ụdị ọzọ, n'ugwu), jiri anya ya gbuo ọtụtụ ndị agha. ele anya na enyo nke agwo jiri gbuo onwe ya.
Dabere na echiche nke Luzhichans, basilisk bụ oke ọkpa nwere nku dragọn, nkịta ihu, ọdụ ọdụ, na ugo na anya akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, na isi ya nwere okpueze uhie na isi ahihia ojii (akpịrịkpa) n’ahụ niile, n’agbanyeghi na o nwere ike ịdị ka oke ọgịga. .
A kwenyere na nkwenkwe yiri nke a na akụkọ mgbe ochie nke Lithuania banyere agwọ Aitvaras. Ọ na - akwa site na akwa nke nwa oji, nke a ga - edebe n'ụlọ ruo afọ 7. N'abalị, ọ na-ewetara ndị nwe ya ego na nri, dịka ọmụmaatụ utoojoo, nke ọ na-etinye n'ime efere.
Pokpụrụ ndị ahụ kwenyere na ọ bụ ekwensu kere ihe ndabere.
"Ferret's duel nwere basilisk." Na-egosipụta site Hollar, XVII narị afọ.
Ihe atụ nke akwụkwọ ndị Aldrovandi dere, '' The History of Snakes and Dragons '' (Bologna, 1640)
Nkwupụta uche na Cryptozoology
Site na ubochi sayensị nke Renaissance, ekwukwala basilisk obere.
Mgbe ikpeazụ a kpọrọ “nzukọ” ya na Warsaw nwụrụ n'afọ 1587. Afọ iri abụọ tupu mgbe ahụ, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị eke Conrad Gesner nwere obi abụọ banyere ịdị ndụ ya. Edward Topsell Na 1608 o kwuru na oke ọkpo nwere ọdụ ọdụ nwere ike ịdị, ma o nweghị ihe gbasara ya. T. Brown na 1646 gara n'ihu n'ihu: "Ihe ae kere eke abụghị naanị basilisk, kamakwa adịghịdị n'okike."
The Africanist na naturalist N.N. Nepomnyashchy tụrụ aro ka amaokwu Akwụkwọ Nsọ banyere ọmụmụ nke basilisks site na akwa aspid (na nsụgharị mbụ nke Greek nke Aịsaịa 59: 5) na onyinyo nke basilisk, agwọ-agwọ, bụ ihe na-agbagọ nkwenkwe ndị Ijipt na nnụnụ ibis. Kedu, dị ka akụkọ si kwuo, rie basilisks, site na àkwá nke amụrụ ha.
Mgbe ụfọdụ maka ihe nrịba ama nanị ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na 1202, na Vienna, ejiri mpempe aja, yiri nke oke mmiri, nke a chọpụtara na mpe mpe mpe mpekere, ka ewere ya, bụ nke, ya na njigide nke hydrogen sulfide nke dị n'okpuru ala, ndị bi na egwu dị egwu, na edekọ ihe omume a na akụkọ nke obodo ahụ. N'afọ 1677, a matara ihe edere banyere “nzute a na-eji ihe atụ” na mbadamba nkume ma tinye ya na olulu mmiri a. Na na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20, onye prọfesọ nyocha gbadara n'olulu mmiri ahụ wee chọpụta otu nkume yiri nnukwu ihe.
Versionsdị ndị ọzọ
D. B. De Toni, mgbe ọ na-ekwu okwu banyere ọrụ Leonardo da Vinci, onye kwuru okwu Pliny, tụrụ aro na basilisk ahụ yiri ụdọ a na-ahụ maka ya.
Okwesiri iburu n'uche na hoaxes juru ebe nile na Europe: na-emebi ihe umu anumanu, ha bufee ya dika ihe okike. Iji maa atụ, a na-ewegharịrị ramp ka ọ bụrụ ihe atụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe osise ya nke malitere na narị afọ nke iri na isii - nke iri na asaa na-adabere kpọmkwem n'ụdị ụdị a.
Onyinyo nke omenaala
Ihe nkpa (tinyere asp, ọdụm na dragọn - nke sitere n'abụ ọma nke 90) so na ihe atụ nke zoomorphic nke ndị mmụọ ọjọọ ma ọ bụ ekwensu, nke a na-agbado na nka Ndị Kraịst.
Na nzụlite nke mmepe nke iconography nke Ndị Kraịst nke oge IV - mmalite nke narị afọ ition, ndị isi nke Byzantine malitere asụsụ akara nke akara. Egosiputara Christ n’elu Aspid na Basilisk na ọta nke oriọna Byzantium.
“Onye mmeri nke Kraist na-azọ ụkwụ na Aspid na Basilisk” bụ otu n'ime ụdị pụrụ iche nke akụkọ Jesus Christ. N'etiti ihe nlere ama ama nwere ike ịkpọ nnwere onwe nke narị afọ IX na ọdụ ụlọ si Oxford Library. E gosipụtara ihe yiri nke ahụ na mkpọchi ngwụcha nke ebe ndịda Katidral nke San Giusto na Trieste. N'aka ekpe ya, Kraist nwere akwụkwọ emepere emepe, ma jiri aka nri gọzie ya. Ndị nsọ obodo Just na Servul dị n'akụkụ ya.
“Onyinyo nke Kraist, na-azọ ije na ukwu na ala, na apịtị ndịda, o doro anya na ọ laghachiri na nnukwu ụlọ ụka Archbishop dị na Ravenna. A na - achọta ya n'otu akụkụ nke ogwe aka dị na Baptist Baptist na Ravenna ma bụrụ onye nnọchi anya ya na basilica Santa Santa na-anọghị (ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke ise), site na nkọwa nke onye na-ahụ maka akụkọ mgbe ochie Andrea Agello ”.
Otu n'ime akara ngosi nke Nne nke Chukwu, malitere na narị afọ nke 18, ka akpọrọ "calledkwụ na Aspida na Basilisk." O gosip ther the nne nke Chineke nke z] uponz] na ikike nke aj] omume.
Na Renaissance, a na-ekwukarị ihe gbasara basil n'ọtụtụ akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ na na ọrịa dịka ihe nnọchianya. N'oge Shakespeare, ha kpọrọ ha ndị akwụna, ọ bụ ezie na onye na-egwuri egwu Bekee n'onwe ya kpọrọ ya naanị dị ka agwọ ochie nke nwere anya ọjọọ.
Na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ihe onyonyo nke Ndị Kraịst banyere ekwensu. N'ihe banyere uri ịhụnanya Keats, Coleridge na Shelley, basilisk dị ka akara ndị Ijipt mara mma karịa nnukwu anụ. Na Ode ka Naples, Shelley na-akpọ obodo ahụ: "Dị ka isi obodo, jiri ngwa ọgụ merie ndị iro."
Na heraldry, basilisk bụ akara nke ike, ferocity na regality.
Na omenaala ugbua
Enwere echiche na n'ọdịbendị ọgbara ọhụrụ a basilisk enweghị nnukwu ewu ewu na ihe atụ pụrụ iche, n'ụzọ dị iche, dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na onye na - achọghị ọdịmma na onye ahịa. Egwu ahụ nwere ike ịbụ nke akụkọ ndụ bụ dragọn ahụ jidesiri ike, onye akụkọ ya bụ nke ochie na nke buru ibu.
Na agbanyeghị, a na-anọchite anya ihe a na-ahụkarị na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ n'oge a, na sinima na egwuregwu kọmputa.
Karịsịa, na onyonyo nke nnukwu agwọ, ọ nọ na ibe Joan Rowling nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Harry Potter na Chamber nke Ihe nzuzo, yana na mmegharị ihe nkiri ya.
Ihe edeturu
- ↑ 123BEAN, 1891-1892.
- ↑ 12345Lopukhin A.P.Abụ Ọma 90 // Akwụkwọ Nkọwa. - 1904-1913.
- ↑ 123456Snake // Brockhaus Bible Encyclopedia / Fritz Rineker, Gerhard Mayer, Alexander Schick, Ulrich Wendel. - M.: Christliche Verlagsbuchhandlung Paderborn, 1999 .-- 1226 p.
- ↑ 123456EEBE, 1910: “O siri ike idozi ụdị agwọ dị ndị edemede oge ochie bu n'uche. Dịka ụfọdụ si kwuo, Hib. Bụ otu ihe na as (Jen. 49:17), ya bụ, echidna ahụ nwere mpi, ma ọ bụ cerast viper. Tristram kowara abo na agwọ Daboja (Daboja xanthina),. sitere na ezinụlọ nke oke oke oke oke echidna dị oke egwu, ụdị agwọ abụọ a nwere njikọ nke Echidna arietans na ndị India. Echidna mara ezinụlọ [viper ezinụlọ]. ”
- ↑ 123EEBE, 1910.
- ↑ 123ESBE, 1892.
- Lin Pliny onye Okenye, onye ntụgharị okwu I.Yu. Shabaga.
- ↑ Yusim, 1990, p. 117.
- Belova, 1995.
- ↑ 12Korolev, 2005.
- ↑ 123Belova, 1995, p. 292.
- ↑ Akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ. Lexicon. Chọọ.
- Cyril nke Aleksandria. Ihe okike. v. 8. ationkọwa Aịsaịa onye amụma. p. 364
- ↑ 12Cicero.Akwụkwọ I, 101 // Na ọdịdị nke chi = De Natura Deorum. - I narị afọ BC ooh ..
- ↑Guy Julius Solin.Ibis, [http://ancientrome.ru/antlitr/solin/crm_tx.htm#3-9 Basilisk,] // Nchịkọta ozi echetara.
- Copy Akwụkwọ Greek Butian nke Greek nke Butler Archival nke Machị 28, 2016 dị na igwe Wayback: Greek ọzọ ἀσπίς, ίδος (ῐδ) ἡ… 7) zoo. aspid (Coluber aspis, Coluber haye ma ọ bụ Naya haye) Her., Arst., Men., Plut.
- Abụ Ọma / Abụ Ọma // Jerome. Vulgate.
- Basilisk // Multitran.
- 4 Ihe ndị sitere na Bible maka “Cockatrice.” Na-egosi nsonaazụ 1-4 // BibleGateway.com.
- ↑ basilisk //V.P. Vikhlyoslov. Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Vikhlyantsev.
- ↑ 3 Ihe ndị sitere na Bible maka “basilisk.” Na-egosi nsonaazụ 1-3 // BibleGateway.com.
- Echidna // Nkọwapụta Akwụkwọ nke Ifrem, 2000.
- Echidna // Nkọwapụta Esemokwu nke Living Great Russian Asụsụ: na mpịakọta 4 / aka. V.I. Dahl. - Nke abụọ ed. - SPb. : Prinlọ obibi akwụkwọ M.O. Wolf, 1880-1882.
- ↑ 12
25. N'ime nnụnụ ndị Ijipt, nke a na-enweghị ike ịgụta agụta dị iche iche, nnụnụ mara mma ibis ka ihe dị nsọ. Ọ bara uru na ọ na - ebu akwa àkwá n'ime akwu ya ma si otú a so na-akpata mbelata ọnụ ọgụgụ anụmanụ a na-egbu egbu. 26. Otu nnụnụ a na-emegide oke agwọ nwere nku nke juputara na nsi sitere na apịtị Arab. Tupu ha enwee ike ịgafe oke ha, ndị machie na-enye ha agha ikuku ma rie ha. Banyere ofufe, ha na-ekwu na ọ na-akwa akwa site na beak ya.
27. Na Egypt n’onwe ya enwere ọtụtụ agwọ na nke ọzọ, na-emebi oke: basilisk, amphisbane, na-awagharị, akontius, dipsad, viper na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Ha niile dị oke nha na ịma mma maka asp nke na-ahapụghị mmiri nke Naịl n’onwe ya [** Dị ka nkọwa Valezius si kwuo, amaja a ghọtahiere nke Lucan 9, 704-7].