Alaeze: | Eumetazoi |
Infraclass: | Azụ azụ |
Lee: | Pollock |
Pollock (Latin Gadus chalcogrammus, nwekwara Theragra chalcogramma) - azụ dị nro mara mma nke ezinụlọ nwere cod. Azụ kachasị na North Pacific.
Ọdịdị
Ogologo anụ ahụ kachasị ogologo bụ 91 cm, ibu ahụ bụ kilogram 5, ogo ndụ kacha ogologo bụ afọ 15.
- nku okpukpu atọ
- antenna dị mkpụmkpụ n'okpuru egbugbere ọnụ ala,
- ventral fins dị n'ihu pectoral.
- chara acha.
- nnukwu anya
Ndụ obibi
Azụ a bi na mmiri oyi (site na 2 ruo 9 Celsius), na-ahọrọ omimi site na 200 ruo 300 mita, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike ịkwaga, na-agbadata omimi nke 500-700 mita na omimi. Pollock bi ihe dị ka afọ 15-16. N'oge ịre mmiri, pollock na-erute n'ụsọ mmiri, na-egwu mmiri n'ime mmiri na-emighị emi site na omimi nke 50-100 m. Wngba onwe ya n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke Oke Osimiri Pasifik na-amalite n'oge dị iche iche. Yabụ na ịkpụkpọ pollock na Oké Osimiri na-eme na mmiri na ọkọchị (site na March ruo Septemba), na-agabiga ụsọ oké osimiri Korea - na oge oyi na oge opupu ihe ubi (site na November ruo March), na Kamchatka - na oge opupu ihe ubi. N'okwu a, ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịzọ asọ ọbụlagodi mgbe ọ dị obere (- 1.8 Celsius C). Caviar na-etolite na mbara elu 50-milo.
Pollock etolite n’oge uto n’ime afọ 3-4, ebe ọ na-erute oke ya, nke dịkwa iche na mpaghara azụ azụ (site na 2.5 ruo 5 n'arọ).
Tinyere ndị ọzọ na-eri ahụ pelagic (mackerel, cod, tuna, mackerel horse) na-achọta nri n'ọkwa dị iche iche. : 46 Pollock na-eri nri karia planktonic crustaceans. Ka ọ na-etolite, pollock na-amalite inye nri anụ buru ibu, ya bụ obere azụ (capelin, Asia na-agbaze) na skwid. N'ime pollock, enwere ikpe nke ịkpa anụ mmadụ - iri larvae na ighe ụdị ha.
Aha ya bụ Habitat
Na-adọrọ mmasị na nke ahụ Azụ Pollock abụghị osimiri, mana mmiri, a na-ahụkarị ya n'oké osimiri. Mpaghara kacha kesaa bụ mpaghara ugwu nke Oke Osimiri Pasifik na Atlantic, mana enwere ike ịchọta ya na ndịda, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-aga n'ụsọ oké osimiri Korea Peninsula.
A na-ewere ọnọdụ bụ isi maka mgbochi mmiri dị ka mmiri mmiri. Azụ nwere ike ịdị mma naanị ebe mmiri anaghị ekpo ọkụ karịa ogo 10.
Pollock n’onwe ya bu onye n’eri eri nri karie n’azu umu obere, dika ima-nma, akpachapuru ma obu isi okwu, ndi n’obere mmadu n’ime mmalite nke mmepe ha kariri plankton di iche.
Ebe obibi nke pollock na-akọwa eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ nwere ike ibi na mmiri nnu ma ọ bụ ya kpatara ya ọ bụ oke osimiri, ọ bụghị azụ osimiri. Na ihe ọ bụla dabara ya dị ka nri nwekwara ike ịchọta naanị n'oké osimiri, na ọtụtụ mgbe na oké osimiri, Ọzọkwa, dị ka iwu, na nnukwu anya site n'ụsọ oké osimiri.
Ngwuputa ahia ahia
Ekwesiri iburu n'uche na ruo mgbe a na-ewere pollock n'oge na-adịbeghị anya dị ka nri nri na-enweghị oke oke. Agbanyeghị, n’oge na-adịbeghị anya, mmepụta ya ka na-eto n’ike n’ike ma mgbe ụfọdụ ruru n’ọ̀fùfù dị otú ahụ nke “akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ” ahụ dara ụda.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ azụ azụ Pollock ruru na 2009mgbe ejidere oke azụ dị otú a na ndị nnọchi anya Greenpeace bidoro ikwu okwu banyere atụmanya nke mkpochapụ ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụrụ na mmepụta ahụ gara n'ihu dị etu a ruo ọtụtụ afọ n'usoro. Mgbe ahụ, ọtụtụ ndị otu gburugburu ụwa welitere ajụjụ banyere mkpa ọ dị iji belata mmepụta na oriri ụdị ụdị azụ a.
Nzọụkwụ ndị a mechara mgbe nke a mere ka a kwapụ mkpọchi ahụ n'ọnụ ụzọ mbibi, ọ bụ ezie na taa, n'etiti ndị yiri cod, ọ ka bụ azụ kacha rie anụ n'ụwa. Ma n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, banyere mbibi nke okwu ugbu a abụghị nke a na-emekwa ka ndị na-amụ banyere ọdịmma na-enwe nchekwube.
Ekwukwa n'akwụkwọ mkpa na iji nri
Dị ka ọ bụla oké osimiri, ọ bụghị azụ osimiri, pollock O nwere uto di mma na ihe oriri di n’ime ya. Nke mbụ, ọ bụ potassium na phosphorus, dị ka isi ihe ndị dị mkpa maka ahụ ọrụ. Na mgbakwunye, anụ pollock bara ụba na ayodiin na amino acid, imeju ya nwekwara nnukwu vitamin A na abụba, nke bara nnukwu uru maka ụmụ mmadụ, ebe ọ na-anabata ya ngwa ngwa.
Ma n’agbanyeghi ihe ndi bara uru, pollock ka bu nke eji achoghi idi nma, dika, sịnụ, umu azu ndi ozo gbasara ya. A na-ahazi anụ ahụ Pollock maka ngwaahịa apụal na nke ikpeazụ emechara.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji ya na-e imomi anụ anụ dara, nke jupụtara taa na shelves ụlọ ahịa Russia niile, yana blanket maka nri ngwa ngwa - ngwaahịa ndị mechiri emechi pollock bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'etiti ngwaahịa ụwa Mcdonald nke ama ama.
Ọzọkwa pollock akpọnwụwo ma ọ bụ kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ - a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na China. Enwere ike ịchọta ụdị ngwaahịa a tumadi na ụlọ ahịa pụrụ iche, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ebe ha na-ere nri dị iche iche maka biya. A na-egbute Pollock caviar, nke a na-ere na ụdị nnu.
Mpaghara
- Coastsọ osimiri Eshia dị na Japan, Okhotsk na Bering Seas.
- Coastsọ osimiri ndị America - Osimiri Bering, Alaska Bay, Monterey Bay.
- Oke mmiri - ruo Sangarsky Strait, nke a na-ahụkarị na ndịda.
- A hụrụ ebe dị nso na Oke Osimiri Barents - Atlantic Pollock (Theragra finnmarchica).
Kalori ọdịnaya
Ihe calorie nke fillet raw bụ 72.3 kcal kwa 100 g. Ọ bụrụ n’ịkpọ azụ a, anyị na-enweta:
- eghere eghe na pan - 275,9 kcal,
- steamed - 77,9 kcal,
- sie - 74.1 kcal,
- stewed - 70.8 kcal,
- akpọnwụwo - 221,6 kcal,
- mee achịcha na oven - 85.6 kcal.
Pollock roe na 100 g nwere uru kalori nke 133.1 kcal, yana imeju - 473.8 kcal. Mmiri ara ehi - 91,2 kcal kwa 100 g. Ndị chọrọ ifelata kwesịrị karịa azụ esiri esi ma ọ bụ steamed.
Azu
Otu n'ime azu yiri World Ocean, pollock nwere ihe mbu n’usoro n’ihe mmeputa. A na-eji trawls na ụgbụ arụ ọrụ mechie Pollock. N'otu oge ahụ, mkpọchi azụ na oke azụ azụ gbutere na-adabere na arụpụta nke ọgbọ, ọnọdụ nke ndị mmadụ, na oge azụ. Na mpaghara RF, nke ịkụ azụ kacha nta bụ 20 cm.
N'etiti afọ 1980, njide ụwa na-egbu ụwa ruru ihe ruru nde tọn asaa, ọkara nke azụ ahụ sitere na USSR mbụ. N'akụkụ ihe nchapu mmiri nke Atlanta, a na-ewerebu pollack Pacific dịka ihe nchekwa obere uru ihe oriri. : 39
Afọ | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
Catwa jidere, puku tọn | 2791 | 2860 | 2909 | 2649 | 2499 | 2010 | 3207 | 3271 | 3239 | 3214 | 3373 | 3476 |
Rọgburu ndị Russia, puku tọn | 962 | 1022 | 1218 | 1316 | 1327 | 1579 | 1629 | 1675 | 1600 | 1571 | 1652 |
N'afọ 1990s, ihe nhụjuanya agafeghị nde tọn ise: 49, na mmalite nke narị afọ iri nke atọ, ha ruru nde tọn 2.5 - 9.9 N'ihi oke ị ,ụbiga mmanya ókè, ịdị adị nke pollock nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, ya mere Greenpeace kpọrọ maka ya n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 2009 zere ịzụta na iri ihe pollock na ngwaahịa ya.
N'afọ 2015, mkpọchi pollock nke Russia ruru nde 1.623, nke bụ 6.9% karịa karịa na 2014. N’afọ 2016, ịkụ azụ pollock ruru opekata mpe nde 1.74. Pollock jidere na Russia na 42.5% nke ngụkọta azụ. N’ime nde azụ nde 1.9 nke esi na Russia ebubata, onye ndu nwere oke akpọchi akpọchi; n’afọ 2016, mpịakọta ya ruru 782 puku tọn, ma ọ bụ 53.3% n’usoro ọkọnọ, mmụba nke 1.6% ka e jiri ya tụnyere 2015.
Nnukwu onye na-ebubata ihe mkpuchi pollock ụwa Russia bụ South Korea, bụ onye zụtara ya na 2016 na ego $ 85, nke bụ 96.8% nke ọnụ ahịa mbupụ ngwaahịa a sitere na Russia. N'ime mba EU, ndị kacha ebubata pollock si Russia na China bụ Germany, Poland na Netherlands. Mgbuka Russia dị ọnụ ala karịa ihe ndị ọkụ azụ si America na-ejide na Alaska, nke a nyeere ya aka inweta otu nde $ 200 na ahịa ụlọ US ka ọ na-erule 2019.
Uru ekwukwa n'akwụkwọ
Nri ekwenti mkpuru azu kwa 100 g:
- protein - 16,1 g
- carbohydrates - 0 g
- abụba - 0,8 g
- mmiri - 82.8 g
- eriri nri - 0 g.
Ngwakọta nke pollock BZHU kwa 100 g nke offal:
Ngwaahịa | Ndi na-edozi, g | Carbohydrates, g | Abụba, g |
Pollock roe | 26,8 | 1,2 | 1,9 |
Pollock imeju | 6,1 | 0 | 51,1 |
Mmiri ara ehi Pollock | 15,88 | 0 | 2,9 |
Site na tebụl ọ bịara doo anya ihe kpatara akụrụ calorie dị oke elu, mana echefula na abụba dị n'ime azụ ahụ ga-aba uru naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ị rie ha na-agafeghị oke.
Ngwongwo bara uru nke pollock
Site n'iji oke nri, pollock ga-aghọrọ uru bara uru maka ahụ:
- N'ihi nri ndị dị na ngwaahịa ahụ, mgbasa nke usoro mkpali nke anụ ahụ, akpụkpọ ahụ mucous na akpụkpọ ahụ na-akwụsị n'ime ahụ.
- Maka ndị na-ese anwụrụ, pollock ga-abụ ngwaahịa dị oke mkpa, ebe ọ bụ na n'ihi nri nri bara ụba, a na-egbochi mmetụta nicotine na ngụgụ.
- Iji ngwaahịa a eme ihe mgbe niile na-eme ka metabolism dị elu, na-egbochi ọgba aghara na sistemụ akwara, belata mmetụta ọjọọ nke nrụgide na ahụ ike.
- Ngwaahịa a na-ebelata cholesterol ma si otú a gbochie mmepe nke ọrịa dịka atherosclerosis.
- N'ihi ọnụnọ nke potassium na ihe mejupụtara, a na-ewepụ mmiri dị ukwuu n'ahụ, n'ihi nsị na-agafe.
- Pollock fillet bara uru karịsịa nye ndị na-arịa ọrịa obi ma ọ bụ n'ihe ize ndụ. Ihe bara uru na-ewusi akwara ọbara ike ma mee ka ọnụọgụ obi dị jụụ. A na-atụ aro ngwaahịa a maka iji gbochie ọrịa nke akụrụngwa obi - nke a bụ eziokwu maka ndị mmadụ na-ekpughere na-emega ahụ mgbe niile.
- Enwere azu otutu ayodiin na azu, ekele nke akwara gland na adighi nma. Na mgbakwunye, iodine zuru oke n’ahụ mmadụ ga-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mkpa ma melite ọdịmma niile.
- Sisite azu nke azu gha eme ka ihe eji alụso ọrịa ọgụ sie ike ma nwekwuo ihe nchebe n’ahụ maka ọrịa na-efe efe.
- N'ihi ọdịnaya protein ya dị elu, pollock na-enyere ndị egwuregwu aka ịzụlite akwara ma weghachite ike mgbe ọzụzụ.
Dabere na nyocha ụfọdụ, azụ azụ nwere ihe eji eme ihe mgbe niile na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke kansa.
Abamuru nke imeju Pollock
Abamuru nke imeju mkpọchi na - esote oge a na - ahụkarị - na nri, enwere ụba ịba ụba nke abụba, nke na - eweghachi ike ma na - abawanye ike. Na mgbakwunye, ngwaahịa ahụ na-emetụta nke ọma:
- metabolism ke idem,
- na usoro omumu
- ọhụụ,
- Ọnọdụ ezé, ọkpụkpụ na mbọ,
- ọrụ thyroid
- sistem hematopoietic
- sisitemu obi.
Na mgbakwunye, imeju bara uru iri n'oge oyi, mgbe anụ ahụ na-arịa vitamin.
Uru nke azu caviar
Ihe mejupụtara ngwaahịa a bara ụba na folic acid, vitamin B na E, yana phosphorus, potassium, calcium na magnesium. Ọ bụghị naanị ngwaahịa a na-emetụta ọrụ nke akụkụ ahụ dị n'ime, mana ụmụ nwanyị jikwa ya maka ebumnuche ịchọ mma.
Caviar na-emetụta ahụ mmadụ n'ụdị:
- Ọ na - eme ka akụkụ okuku ume na-arụ ọrụ,
- gbakee ngwa ngwa ma ọria ọrịa ma ọ bụ ogologo oge,
- na-enye ahụ ahụ nnukwu na microelements na-ezighi ezi, yana vitamin.
Dịka ngwaahịa ịchọ mma, a na-eji caviar mee ihe mkpuchi ihu, nke na-eme ka anụ ahụ dị ọhụrụ ma na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo ọcha. Agbanyeghị, caviar salted adịghị mma maka usoro ahụ ma ọ baghị uru dị ukwuu, dịka caviar eghe.
Mmetụta n'ahụ
Pollock nwere aru oru na aru nwoke na nwanyi:
- Iji usoro eme ihe a ga - ewepụ ọla ndị dị arọ, ngwaahịa ndị rere ure na nsí.
- Azụ kwalitere ịrụ ọrụ mọzụlụ ma na - egbochi ezé ezé.
- Site n’iri pollock mgbe nile, ị na-enyere akụkụ ahụ anya. Ngwaahịa a na - ebelata ọnya anya ma na - egbochi mmepe nke ọrịa anya. Ihe a niile ga - ekwe omume n'ihi vitamin A.
- Pollock na-ebelata shuga ọbara, nke na-abụ ihe mgbochi maka mmepe nke ọrịa shuga, yana akụkụ aka maka ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa ahụ.
- Ọ bụrụ na iri azụ dịkarịa ala ugboro ole na ole n'izu, ị ga - eme ka usoro nke itegharị sel sel.
- Ngwaahịa a na - enyere aka weghachite ike zuru oke mgbe ọrịa ma ọ bụ mgbatị anụ ahụ, yana ọrụ ndị metụtara ụbụrụ na - abawanye.
- N'ihi ihe ndị mejupụtara nri nke ngwaahịa ahụ, ọrụ ụbụrụ na-emeziwanye, itinye uche na mmụba nlebara anya. Na mgbakwunye, pollock na-emetụta ebe nchekwa.
- Azụ nwere mmetụta bara uru na sistemụ ịmụ nwa na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị, na-abawanye ike ma na-abawanye ohere nke ịtụrụ ime.
- Ihe bara uru mejuputara ngwaahịa a na-eme ka ọnọdụ mbọ aka na-eto ngwa ngwa.
Na mgbakwunye na nke a dị n'elu, pollock na-eme ka ahụ mmadụ dịghachi mma, na-eme ka akwara na cartilage sie ike.
Mmetụta mmerụ ahụ
N'ihe banyere iji azụ eme ihe, yana ịnagide nri azụ ma ọ bụ nfụkasị ahụ, enwere mmetụta nke ngwaahịa na-adịghị mma na ahụike mmadụ.
Ihe mgbochi megide iji pollock:
- ọbara mgbali - nke a metụtara azụ na eghe ma ọ bụ nnu nnu na caviar, nke nwere ike ịbawanye ọbara mgbali,
- nnukwu ụdị ọrịa na nke eriri afọ,
- A ga-atụfu imeju na - egbochi imeju.
- womenmụ nwanyị dị ime ekwesịghị iri nnu nnu ma ọ bụ nke a mịrị amị, n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ime ka puff puffly.
Na mgbakwunye, nri mmiri ọ bụla nwere ike ị nweta oke ọla dị ize ndụ nye ahụ ike. Maka nke a, ịnweghị ike iri nri pollock n'ụdị ya ma ọ bụ mebie ngwaahịa ahụ, n'ihi na nke a nwere ike ibute nsị mepere emepe.
Mmechi
Pollock bu ezigbo nri nri nke n’enye umu nwanyi aka ifelata, ya na ndi nwoke n’eghe iji meputa akwara mara mma. A na-eji azụ, caviar, yana imeju mee ọgwụ na ihe ịchọ mma, nke na-eme ka ngwaahịa ahụ bụrụ n'efu n'efu. Enwere ọtụtụ azụmaahịa bara uru karịa nri ma ọ bụ mmerụ ahụ na - ekwe omume site na iri nri, yabụ, ana - egbochi pollock n'ime nri onye na - agbaso nri dị mma. Isi ihe - emegbula ngwaahịa a, ebe ọdịnaya calorie dị ala apụtaghị na azụliteghị oke.