Gaa na isi okwu: ddị dinosaurs
Psittacosaurus mongoliensis psittacosaurus (Mongolia parrot lizard)
Ọnọdụ sistemụ: dinosaurs Ptitsetazovye, dinosaurs dị egwu
Afọ nyocha: Oge mmalite dị egwu (afọ 120-100 gara aga)
Echefuola na hụrụ: Asia (Mongolia, China, Thailand)
Anụmanụ
N'afọ 1922, achọtara ọkpụkpụ nke dinosaur nke nwere mita abụọ nwere udiri isi na-adịghị ahụkebe na onu okuko dịka parrot, na nkume dị na Mongolia n'ime oge ochie Cretaceous. Chọta aha ma psittacosaurus (parrot lizard). A na-eji obere onube dị mkpụmkpụ ma sie ike na ọdịdị ya yana iji akụkụ ya. Ya na ụmụ anụmanụ nwere ike ịta ma were ụfọdụ akụkụ osisi siri ike. Ike a chọrọ ike pụrụ iche, nke a na - akwado site na ntọala pụrụ iche nke okpokoro isi: enwere ọtụtụ ebe dị na ya ebe a na - ejikọ nnukwu akwara ike, ọkachasị elu si na nsọtụ isi.
N'ihi njirimara ndị e ji mara ya, ndị nchọpụta mere ka ha mata obere ọkpụkpụ ụmụ anụmanụ na otu ụdị, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-esikarị ike igosipụta na okenye na otu nwa. Ogologo nke dinosaur pere mpe nke ụdị a dị naanị sentimita 24 na 27. Dabere na afọ ha, ha nwere isi na afụ ọnụ. N'ezie, ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a siri ike na-adịbeghị ike bụ anụ oriri dị mfe ọbụna maka obere dinosaurs. Ya mere, a na-anabatakarị ya na ụmụ nne na-echebe psittacosaurus. Ikekwe o nyere ha “ofe” nke akwụkwọ nkụ e gwepịara eghe.
*** Ọdịdị nke ihu okpokoro isi ahụ dị ka onu okuko osisi parrot. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eche na n'ọnụ dị nkọ nke "beak" psittacosaurs ha gbara ome, alaka osisi na nke osisi, nke a bụ ihe ha riri. Ihe foduru nke umuaka biara n’ogologo na 24 - 27 cm.
*** Psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus), onyinye nke ihe na-efe efe na-ekpo ọkụ nke usoro ọkụkọ dinosaurs. Biri na mbido Cretaceous. Ogologo anụ ahụ 1-1.5 m. Ọnọdụ usoro na-arụ ụka, n'ihi Ihe eji mara Pino bu akara nke dinosaurs nwere mpi (udi nke okpokoro isi), ankylosaurs (ụdị ezé) na ornithopod (ụdị nke aka). O yikarịrị, P. na-anọchite anya alaka nke stegosaurus okporo osisi - ankylosaurs, bụ nke jigidere ikike ịkwaga ebe ọzọ. Obere ezé, nke ezé dị na mpe mpe, o doro anya, mere ka ọ nwee ike ịmịcha ma ghaa ahịhịa siri ike. Hoola yiri nke agba na-egosi imeghari nke ije ije n'elu ala nwere nkụ. N'ụzọ doro anya, ha biri n'oké ọhịa n'akụkụ mmiri, ebe enwere ike ịchọta nri ma zoo n'aka ndị iro.
*** "Psittacosaurus" pụtara ihe ọ bụla karịa "lizard-parrot." Akpọrọ ya aha maka etu ihe dị n’agba si dị ụdọ, yiri akwa a na-ete ahihia. O jiri ha, chapuo akwụkwọ na alaka osisi. Pangolin kwagoro n'ụkwụ abụọ, ma ọ bụrụ na ihe egwu nwere ike ịgba ọsọ n'akụkụ anọ. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị chọpụtara ịchọpụta ozu nke ọ bụghị naanị dinosaurs okenye, kamakwa ụmụ ọhụrụ. Ọbụnadị ụmụaka nwere ezé, ka ha nwee ike nweta nri ha n'oge ha bụ ụmụaka. Dịka ọkụkọ na ọbọgwụ ọgbara ọhụrụ, psittacosaurs loro obere okwute ka nri wee dị mma.
Psittacosaurus adịghị nnukwu: ogologo ya dị ihe dịka 1 mita, ịdị arọ ya adịghị kilogram 15.
Fọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kwuru na psittacosaurus bụ iwu nke ceratops, ọ bụ ezie na ha enweghị mpi na uto na ọkpọiso. Ma, amịrị nke ceratopisia na psittacosrens bụ otu ihe, ụdịdị nke isi abụkarị otu. N'ụzọ doro anya, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ziri ezi: psittacosaurs nwere ike ịbụ ndị buru ibu nke ceratops. Nchoputa ozo gosiputara eziokwu a na Mongolia, ebe achobeghi ihe odide a na-amaghi ama, nke nwere olu olu ya dika ihe ndi ozo, okuko ya dikwara aka na nti nke onu ogugu a.
Ke akpa ini ke mme ukpep-Americankp American ifi of American American of eke Henry Osborne ke 1923, ke akpa-thekp of thekple pakp pa pakp pankp o in n ke Mongolia discoveredko edikut “abiatibet.” Mgbe ahụ chi kechiri Osborne: nyocha ndị dị egwu, nke mere ka ọhụụ ọhụụ na dinosaurs oge ochie.
Iji maa atụ, Henry Osborne tụrụ aro na psittacosaurs nwere ike rie nri na udo dinosaurs ndị ọzọ na-emetụta ahịhịa, dịka ọmụmaatụ, veurosaurs. The obere psittacosaurs gna epupụta na obere Ome si n'okpuru, na ibu veurosaurs nweta nri ha si n'elu osisi.
N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, ụdị dinosaur abụọ na-emekọ ihe ọnụ iji nwee mmetụta nke ndị na-eri anụ n'oge. Ozugbo dinta rutere mpaghara nke a na-ahụ anya, dinosaurs na-agwa ndị ọzọ okwu n'olu dara ụda wee gbasasịa n'ụzọ dị iche iche, na-agbagha ndị ikwu ya aghụghọ.
Ọ bụkwa ihe ijuanya na a na-ahụ ihe ndị dị nchara dị na Europe. Ọzọkwa, enwere ihe mere a ga-eji kwere na psittacosaurus nwere mgbe ebirila ókèala Russia ugbu a. Ugbu a ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kwenyesiri ike na nkwubi okwu ha, ọ ka na-akwado ya na nyocha ọ bụla. (http://www.zoohall.com.ua)
Nde afọ 130 gara aga, anụmanụ na-eri nri dinosaurs
Mbemigha nke anụ na-eme oke ala, Channel One frame
Ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọmụmụ America mere nchọpụta na-akpali akpali. Ọ tụgharịrị na ihe dịka afọ nde 130 gara aga, anụmanụ ndị riri dinosaurs, ka akụkọ CNN na-ekwu banyere Associated Press.
Na China, achọpụtara ozu nke anụ ahịhịa, n'ime afọ nke ọ bụ ọkpụkpụ nke dinosaur na-eto eto. Achọtara ihe fosil n'ihe dị ka afọ abụọ gara aga na Liaoning nke China, bufere ya n'ụlọ nyocha nke Beijing, ebe ndị sayensị China na ndị America na-amụ ya. Ihe ha chọpụtara nwere ike, n’uche ha, gbanwere echiche mbụ banyere ọrụ dị ka ụmụ anụmanụ n’oge dinosaurs.
Nwatakiri psittacosaurus nke ghuru oke ara - nke a na - akpo "parrot lizard". Akpọrọ ya aha n'ihi ihe pụrụ iche nke jaws, nke yiri onu okuko osisi parro, nke o dọwara site na ngalaba osisi. Pangolin kwagoro n'ụkwụ abụọ, ma ọ bụrụ na ihe egwu nwere ike ịgba ọsọ ọsọ anọ. Nha ndị okenye erughi otu mita na ọkara, na ibu - kilogram 15.
"Na mbụ, anyị chere na ọ bụ ẹmbra anụ ahụ n'onwe ya. N'ileba anya nke ọma, anyị chọpụtara na ọ nwere ike ịbụ dinosaur. Na mgbakwunye, ọkpụkpụ ahụ dị kpọmkwem ebe anụ ahụ kwesịrị inwe afọ," ka otu onye na-arụrụ ọrụ na American Museum of Natural History (American kwuru) Ebe Ndebe Ihe Ochie) Meng Jin.
Dika ndi sayensi choputara, umu anumanu nke Reenomamus nke gbara nkiti buru oke ibu nwamba nwere obi uto. Achoputara nso ahu akuko nke anu anumanu ozo, nke a abughi ihe ijuanya. Ihe mere bu na oke anumanu a buru ibu karie nkita nke ugbua, obu ezie na mbu e kwenyere na ndi anumanu n'oge ahu di okpukpu iri-abuo - ihe kariri chipmunk nke ugbua.
Onye omumu ihe omuma nke Paleontologist Zhexi Luo nke Pittsburgh Carnegie Museum of Natural History kwenyere na ugbua mbibi nke umu anumanu mebiri emebi, na nchoputa bu ihe akaebe mbu nke na ndi anumanu di n’elu obere dinosaur n’oge nke Cretaceous.
Nkọwa
Ittdị dịgasị iche nke psittacosaurs dịgasị na nha na nhazi akụkụ nke okpokoro isi na ọkpụkpụ, mana ụdị ahụ ha bụ otu. Speciesdị kachasị mụọ, Mongolian psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus Mongoliensis), ruru ogologo 2. Oke toro oke anụmanụ nwere ike ịbụ kilogram iri abụọ. Speciesfọdụ ụdị ụfọdụ nke psittacosaurs yiri nke Mongolian (Psittacosaurus isi, Psittacosaurus neimongoliensis, Psittacosaurus xinjiangensis), ndị ọzọ dịtụ ntakịrị (Psittacosaurus sinensis, Psittacosaurus meileyingensis).
Obere nke psittacosaurus mara bụ Psittacosaurus ordosensis. Ọ bụ 30% na-erughị Psittacosaurus mongoliensis. Ndi kachasi ibu bu Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis na Psittacosaurus sibiricus, mana ha di obere na ndi ozo di iche na ndi Mongolian psittacosaurus.
Okpokoro isi nke psittacosaurs dị iche na okpu nke dinosaurs nnụnụ ndị nke oge a. Okpokoro isi nke psittacosaurs buru oke ma di mkpụmkpụ, n'ụfọdụ ụdị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ profaịlụ. Akụkụ nke dị n'ihu oruru - oghere dị n'anya - gụrụ naanị 40% nke ogologo okpokoro isi, nke na-erughị nke ndị na - eri anụ ndị ọzọ a ma ama. Maka akwa psittacosaurs dị ala, ọtụtụ bulges na-eme n'etiti ezé ọ bụla bụ njimara. A na-eji coracoid akpọpụta ma nke ukwu ma nke ala site na nku ma ọ bụ uru ahụ, n'otu n'otu. Ikekwe ejiri cornea kpuchie ntọala nke olulu ahụ iji mezie ebe mbe dị waraka ahụ maka ọgịrị osisi dị mma. Dị ka a na-ahụ ya na aha ụmụ anụmanụ, obere okpokoro isi na egbugbere ọnụ ya dị ka nke parrots nke oge a. N'ime ihe okpokoro isi nke psittacosaurs enwere ụfọdụ atụmatụ akparamagwa nke dinosaurs nwere ajọ oge, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọkpụkpụ na-agba agba agba pụrụ iche na njedebe nke agba elu, ọkpụkpụ zygomatic sara mbara. Agbanyeghị, psittacosaurs enweghị mpempe ọkpụkpụ na olu ma ọ bụ mpi na ihu, njirimara nke dinosaurs nwere mpi oge. Na okpokoro isi nke psibacosaurus nke Siberia enwere outgrowths nke ọkpụkpụ nwere mpi, mana a na-ahụta ha nsonaazụ nke mmepe convergent.
Isi ezumike nke psittacosaurs dị iche na nke ọkpụkpụ ịta ahụhụ-dinosaurs na-ahụkarị. Na Mongolian psittacosaurus, dị ka na ụdị ndị ọzọ, ogologo nke forelimbs bụ naanị 58% nke ogologo nke ụkwụ, nke a na-egosi na psittacosaurs nọrọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ha niile ndụ na abụọ ụkwụ. N'azụ ụkwụ ("ogwe aka") nke psittacosaurs enwere mkpịsị aka anọ, ọ bụghị ise, dịka n'ọtụtụ dinosaurs ndị ọzọ na-ewu ewu (gụnyere dinosaur niile nwere ụjọ). Na mkpokọta, ụkwụ ụkwụ ụkwụ anọ nwere njiri mara obere anụ-dinosaurs.
Ontụ ụtụ
Emere ka a mata aha psittacosaurus na 1923 site n'aka Henry Fairfield Osborn, onye ọkà mmụta gbasara okike, onye isi ala ụlọ akụkọ ihe mgbe ochie nke America, na akụkọ e bipụtara na Ọktọba 19. Aha ndị mejupụtara mejupụtara bụ okwu Grik. ψιττακος / psittakos (parrot) na Greek. / sauros (lizard), ma gosipụta ụdị mpụga nke isi anụ ahụ n'ihu ya na beak nke parrot na anụ ha na-efe efe.
Psdị psittacosaurs
Edere ihe karịrị ụdị iri na abụọ na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke psittacosaurs, mana taa site na asatọ ruo iri na otu n'ime ha ka a na-atụle. Ugbu a, ọnụ ọgụgụ a kachasị ukwuu nke ụdị dinosaurs na-enweghị atụ (ma e wezụga nnụnụ). N'adịghị ka psittacosaurs, ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ nke dinosaurs bụ monospecific, ya bụ, otu ụdị na-anọchite anya ya. Udi ihe di otua ka ekpeputara site na nchoputa nke nyocha ihe omimi. A maara Psittacosaurs dị ka otu narị atụ, ebe ọtụtụ dinosaurs ndị ọzọ na-anọchi anya ya, ọtụtụ mgbe, ịchọta. N'ihi ọnụọgụ nlele dị ukwuu, nyocha nke psittacosaurs zuru ezu bịara kwe omume, nke a nyere anyị ohere ịchọpụta ma chọpụta ọtụtụ ọnụọgụ ha. Otutu umu anumanu ndi di ugbu a n’ochiri anya umu anumanu, nke na akowa na odi otutu umu anumanu n’etiti dinosaur n’agbanyeghi eziokwu na edobeghi ihe ha dere. Na mgbakwunye, ọtụtụ dinosaurs bụ naanị nsị nke ọkpụkpụ, nke na-enye ha ohere iji nyocha nke ọkpụkpụ, na-enyocha ha, ebe ụdị ndị dị adị, nwere nnukwu ọkpụkpụ dị iche iche, na-adị iche na mkpụrụedemede ndị ọzọ na-echekwaghị na ụdị fosil. N'ihi ya, ụdị dịgasị iche iche nke ihe a na ụdị dinosaurs ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịkarị nke a na-ahụ ugbu a.
- Nwere ụdị guzosiri ike psittacosaurus
- Mongolian psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus mongoliensis) - Mongolia, n'ebe ugwu China.
- Chinese psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus sinensis) - Northwest China.
- Maylain psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus meileyingensis) - north-Central China.
- Xinjiang psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus xinjiangensis) - northwest China.
- Mongol ime ụlọ psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus neimongoliensis) - north-Central China.
- Ordos psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus ordosensis) - North-Central China.
- Matsongshan psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus mazongshanensis) - Northwest China.
- Siberia asụsụ psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus sibiricus) - ndịda Siberia, Russia.
- Lutsijun psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis) - Northwest China.
- Nnukwu psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus isi) - Northwest China.
- Umu eleghi anya psittacosaurus
- ?Psittacosaurus Sattayaraki (Psittacosaurus sattayaraki) - Thailand.
Psitaccosaurus
Psitaccosaurus : "dinosaur nwere mpi atọ"
Oge ndụ: njedebe nke Cretaceous - ihe dị ka nde 70-65 afọ gara aga
Sita: Ugbo ulo
Ihe n'okpuru: Ọgwụ
Ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị maka ndị na-agwọ ọrịa:
- jere ije n’ụkwụ anọ
- rie ahihia
- mpi na ogwe aka nke ọkpụkpụ n’isi
- ihe egwu ahu gwusiri dika okpokoro isi
Akụkụ:
ogologo - 1.5 m
ịdị elu - 1.4 m
aro - 40 n'arọ.
Nutrition: dinosaur herbivorous
Nchoputa: 1923, Mongolia
Psitaccosaurus - Dinosaur Cretaceous. Psitaccosaurus bụ onye nnọchi anya nke otu dinosaurs akpọrọ usoro ọgwụgwọ, nke ewu ewu n'oge ndị Cretaceous.
Dinosaur okenye nke ụdị a dị ihe dịka mita 1.5 n'ogologo, ma nwee ike iru ihe dị ka kilogram 40. Ogologo psitaccosaurus cubs dị ihe dị ka sentimita 25.
Psitaccosaurus, onye kacha bụrụ onye nnọchi anya ceratops, adịghị ka ndị ikwu ya nwụrụ. Kama ọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya ornithopod. Scholarsfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-ewere ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya obere ornithopod.
Eleghị anya, psitaccosaurus bụ nke usoro ntụgharị n'etiti otu ndị a metụtara. Site na ornithopods a na-ejikọ ya site na mkpụmkpụ mkpụmkpụ mkpịsị aka ya dị warara. Ma n'ụdị akụkụ anọ nke okpokoro isi nwere atụmatụ nke ceratops: onu okuko buru ibu na mucks, jaws na-enweghị ezé n'ihu. Ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ dị na okpokoro isi ahụ, akwara nke agba agba dịkwa ya. Igwe crest a ga - agbanwe ma bụrụ ihe ọkpụkpụ na ọta na mbubreyo ceratopsids. Psittacosaurus nwere mkpịsị ụkwụ anọ. Aha diinosaur mejuputara okwu Grik “parrot” na “lizard”, nke gosiputara myiri isi dinosaur na onu ogugu.
Achoputara ozu nke psittacosaurus na Mongolia na 1922-1925 site na njem ndi American Museum of Natural History na-eme. Onye isi ụlọ ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie a, Henry Fairfield Osborne, bipụtara na nkọwa izizi maka ụdị ọhụrụ ahụ na 1923. N'oge njem a, a na-egwu ụfọdụ ụdị ndị ọzọ, bụ ndị na-akọghị ruo 1980. Emechara achọpụtara ya na ọkpụkpụ ụfọdụ bụ nke psittacosaurus na-eto eto.
Nkewa
Pittacosaurs bụ ụdị ụdị nke ezinụlọ psittacosaurus. Tinyere psittacosaurs, naanị otu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, gonshanosaurs, ka ekenyela ezinụlọ a ugbu a. Psittacosaurus tọrọ ntọala maka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ dinosaurs nwere ama ama, ma e wezụga ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ Yinlong na, ikekwe, ezinụlọ Chaoyangsauridae. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na psittacosaurs bụ ngalaba mbụ nke osisi ezinụlọ dinosaur nwere mpi, ndị na-egbu mmụọ nwere ike ọ bụghịzị aghọọla ndị nna ochie nke ụdị dinosaurs ndị ọzọ. Ndi dinosaurs ndi ozo nile nwere egwu jidere aka nke ise ha n’elu aka ha, ebe ndi psittacosaurs di nkpisi aka-ha. Na mgbakwunye, na usoro mgbanwe, psittacosaurs tụfuru foramen prerabital echekwara na ọtụtụ dinosaurs dị egwu na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ochie niile. A na-ahụta ohere ịmaliteghachi mkpịsị aka nke ise ma ọ bụ foorbital nke akụrụngwa ka enweghị atụ.
N'agbanyeghi eziokwu na achoputala otutu umu akwukwo nke psittacosaurs, emebeghi ka ochoputa ihe di n'etiti umu anumanu n’enweghi nghọta zuru oke n'etiti ndi sayensi banyere nke a. Alexander Averyanov na ndị otu ibe bipụtara 2006 maka data nke nyocha kachasị ọhụrụ.
Psittacosaurs |
|