Haddock bụ naanị ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwere nke ezinụlọ nke cod. Aha Latin ya bụ Melanogrammus aeglefinus.
Obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu bụ oké osimiri nke ugwu Arctic na oké osimiri Atlantic. Ọ nwere uru azu dị mkpa. Nke mbụ onye Sweden kọwara Karl Linney bụ ụdị haddock na 1758. A kọwapụtara ụdị mkpụrụ osisi ahụ haddock n'oge na-esote, ya bụ na 1862, site n'aka onye nyocha ihe ọmụmụ America Theodore Gill.
Nkọwa
Ogologo oge nke haddock sitere na 50 ruo 75 cm, agbanyeghị, achọpụtara ndị mmadụ ruru ogologo otu mita ma ọ bụ karịa.
Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus).
Ogologo ya bụ ihe dị ka n'arọ iri abụọ na atọ, mana edekọtara nnukwu ihe ịtụnanya, nke ịdị arọ ya dị site n'arọ ruo na n'arọ iri na iteghete. Ndụ Haddock nwere ike ịbụ afọ 14. Ahụ nke iyak a dị oke elu, na-esighi ike n ’akụkụ ya. Azụ nwere ọchịchịrị isi awọ na violet ma ọ bụ lilac shimmer, akụkụ ndị ahụ dị mfe, silvery, afọ nwekwara ike ịbụ ọla ọcha ma ọ bụ milky ọcha. Akụkụ ojii ahụ bụ nwa. N’akụkụ akụkụ nke haddock dị n’okpuru mpụta e nwere otu nnukwu oghere ojii, nke dị n’etiti okirikiri na azụ mbu.
Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na njedebe mbu nke haddock dị elu karịa nke abụọ na nke atọ. Ihe omumu izizi nke mbu bidoro nwayo n’azu n’elu, na-aga n’ihu n’ njedebe ngwụsị nke ngwụcha nke mbụ, n’adịghịkwa otu n ’ogo buru ibu. Ọnụ dị n'akụkụ ala nke isi, obere pere mpe, agbatị dị elu ga-agbatị n'ihu. N’elu agba enwere obere antennae, nke dị na nwata.
Kesaa
Haddock bi n'oké osimiri nke nnu jupụtara, nnu nke mmiri nke bụ 32-33 ppm. Ebe obibi bụ akụkụ ugwu nke Atlantic Ocean, na mmiri dị n'akụkụ ụsọ mmiri nke North America na Northern Europe, na nso ụsọ Iceland, yana na Barents na Norwegian nke Oké Osimiri Arctic. Enwere otutu haddocks na ndịda Barents Sea na North Oké Osimiri dị nso na Iceland, yana New Bankland Bank. A na-achọta ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke haddock n'ụsọ oké osimiri Greenland, mana na Labrador Peninsula iyak abụghị nke a. Ihe dị ukwuu nke haddock bi na mpaghara mmiri Russia, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ndịda Oké Osimiri Barents. Mana na Oke Osimiri White onu ya buru ezigbo obere, na Baltic abughi nke a. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ntakịrị nnu nnu dị na mmiri nke oke osimiri ndị a.
Ndụ obibi
Haddock bụ oke azụ nke na-eduzi ụdị ndụ dị nso. Ozo nke o bi na ya di otutu site na nari iri isii rue nari-abuo, ma mgbe ufodi, o g’igbalita ma omimi otu kilomita. Haddock na-eto eto na-ebi ndụ dị ala site na iru otu afọ. Ruo oge a, ọ na-ebi na kọlụm mmiri ma na-azụ ihe n'ime omimi nke na-erughi oke 100. Azụ nke ụdị ụdị a anaghị ahapụ ihe oke oke mmiri. Enweela ihe ndekọ banyere haddock na Oké Osimiri Norwegian n'ime omimi miri emi, mana ụdị ihe atụ ndị a egbubiri nke ukwuu ma ọ fọrọ nke nta ịnwụ.
Haddock nwere ike inwe mmasị ma rie ụdị azụ ndị ọzọ.
Ndabere nke ihe oriri haddock bu benthos. Ndị a bụ ahịhịa na - agbanwe agbanwe, dịka ọmụmaatụ, crustaceans, ikpuru, echinoderms na mollusks, yana ophiurs. Otu ihe dị mkpa na nri Haddock bụ caviar na ofe iyak. Ihe menu Haddock na North na Barents Seas di iche. Yabụ, Haddock nke Oke Osimiri North na-eri caviar herring, yana haddock nke Oke Osimiri Barents - caviar na capelin fry.
Na Osimiri Barents, ebe bụ isi ebe ihe oriri haddock bụ mpaghara dị nso na Cape Kanin Nos, yana gburugburu Kolguyev Island na mmiri mmiri nke Kola Peninsula.
Mmeputakwa na Mbugharị
Haddock ruru uto mgbe o ruru afọ 3-5. N'oge a, ogologo anụ ahụ tozuru ogo 40, yana ịdị arọ - 1 n'arọ. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na haddock bi na Oke Osimiri North na-eto ngwa ngwa, mgbe ọ dị afọ 2-3, na ndị bi na Osimiri Barents ji nwayọọ nwayọọ karịa naanị afọ 5-7, na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ọbụlagodi naanị na 8-10 afọ. Spawning haddock dịruru n’April ruo June. Azụ na-efegharị gaa na mba ọzọ, ịkwaga ebe ọzọ na-ebugharị ihe ruru ọnwa isii tupu mmalite nke ịkpa ike amalite. Thezọ ọ na-adịkarị maka ịkwaga haddock bụ ụzọ esi na Osimiri Barents gaa Norwegian, n'ụzọ gara nke ọma na Lofoten Islands.
Isi ebe maka spawning haddock:
- mpaghara Eurasia - ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Norway, ala ọdịda anyanwụ na ala ndịda nke Iceland, mmiri ndị dị n'ụsọ mmiri nke Ireland na Scotland, mmiri na-enweghị mmiri Lofoten,
- North America - US n'ụsọ oké osimiri dị na mpaghara New England, ụsọ oké osimiri Canada na nso oke osimiri Nova Scotia.
Hadmụ nwanyị Haddock nwere ike ihichapu site na akwa otu puku na nde 1.8 maka ịhapụ mkpụrụ. Caviar nke ụdị azu a bu pelagic. Osimiri dị ugbu a na-eburu caviar, larvae, na haddock na-efega ebe ndị dị anya site na ebe ndị dị mma. Haddock na-eto eto na akwa na-eto eto na-ebi n'ime mmiri mmiri, nke na-eme ka ha dị iche na ndị ikwu okenye. Venimụaka nwere ike zoo site na ndị na-eri anụ n'okpuru nnukwu jeliifish.
Dịka anyị kwurula, azụ a nwere ike ịme njem ogologo ọ bụla maka ịkwado na ọdụdụ. Nkpagharị haddock kachasị dị mkpa na Osimiri Barents. Ndị Juveniles na-akwaga n'okporo ụzọ na - esote - ya na Nordkapp dị ugbu a site na ugwu Norway ruo na mpaghara ndịda nke Oke Osimiri Barents na Irminger Ugbu a site na Oké Osimiri North gaa n'ebe ugwu Iceland.
Ihe Ọ Pụtara
Haddock dị ezigbo mkpa azụmaahịa na Barents na North Oké Osimiri na ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri North America. A na-ebu njide ya site n'enyemaka nke trawls, ụgbụ azụ, ụgbụ ụgbụ Danish na arịa ụgbọ mmiri. Otu n'ime azu azu, haddock no na uzo nke ato Isi okwu ya na pollock. Kwa afọ, ijeri azu 0,5-0.75 nke azụ a na-ejide ụwa.
Uru azumazu nke haddock mere ka agunye ya na Red Book, ebe obu na iyi azu ahu kpam kpam na ikpochapu ya.
Haddock jidere dịgasị iche iche n'afọ. Ihe kpatara nke a bụ mgbanwe ọnụọgụ nke haddock, nke na-emetụta ịtugharị nke haddock n'oké osimiri. Na ngwụsị nke narị afọ gara aga, njigide ahia nke haddock belatara nke ukwuu na North America, agbanyeghị, n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọ malitere ịba ụba ma na-abịaru ọkwa nke kwekọrọ na 30s - 60s nke narị afọ nke 20.
Na Soviet Union n'etiti narị afọ gara aga, olu nke Haddock ewepụtara bụ nke abụọ n'etiti cod. Ọ bụ naanị kọọm nwetara ya. E mesịa, ha malitere ịbawanye mbịne nke pollock, n'ihi nke hasdock gbanwere ebe nke atọ. Taa azụ a na-ewere ọnọdụ nke anọ n'etiti azụ niile anwụchiri na Russia na Barents Oké Osimiri. Ebe atọ dị na mbụ bụ cod, cod na capelin. N’etiti kadi ahụ, ọ nọ n’ọnọdụ nke abụọ. N'afọ 2000, mkpokọta akwụkwọ haddock dị tọn ton 8502, yana otu kọmịnụ dị 23236.