Atlantic mackerel | |||||||
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Nkebi sayensi | |||||||
Alaeze: | Eumetazoi |
Infraclass: | Azụ azụ |
Fzọ Subfamily: | Scombrinae |
Lee: | Atlantic mackerel |
Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758
Atlantic mackerel (lat. Scomber scombrus) - azụ nke ezinụlọ mackerel nke usoro maka mackerel. Ogologo kachasị ogologo nke anụ ahụ bụ 60 cm, nkezi bụ cm 30. Ahụ ya dị mkpụmkpụ, kpuchie ya na obere akpịrịkpa cycloid. Azụ bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, nke nwere ọtụtụ agba ojii, nke na-acha obere. Ahụ na akụkụ ala gị dị ọcha. Onweghi ebe igwu mmiri.
Mackerel jupụtara na ugwu ugwu Atlantic: n'akụkụ ụsọ ọwụwa anyanwụ site na Iceland ruo Canary Islands, yana na Baltic (ruo Ọwara Finland), North, Mediterranean, Marmara, Oké Osimiri Black, n'akụkụ ụsọ ọdịda anyanwụ - site na Labrador ruo Cape Hatteras (North Carolina). Nleta ndị Mackerel dị na mbugharị oge ọkọchị ama ama na Barents na White Seas. A na - achọta ya na oke na Oke Osimiri North site na English Channel ruo Skagerrak ma na ndịda ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ ụsọ oké osimiri Ireland.
Ọmụmụ
Mackerel bụ ìgwè pelagic nke azụ thermophilic. Swim ngwa ngwa (na-atụfu - ruo 77 km / h). Ahia anaghị enwe adịghị nke azụ ndị ọzọ (adịkarịghị enwe azụ azụ) yana ndị mejupụtara nha otu. Mackerel bi na okpomọkụ nke 8 ruo 20 Celsius C, ọ bụ ya mere a na-amanye ya ịkwaga n'oge ọ bụla na mpaghara America na Europe, yana n'etiti Oké Osimiri Marmara na Oké Osimiri Ojii. Mbugharị ndị a nwere ọdịdị nke nri (nri makarel bụ obere azụ na zooplankton).
Mackerel winters na omimi nke 150-250 m n'akụkụ mkpọda kọntinent ahụ. N'oge oge oyi, ọ naghị arụ ọrụ ma ọ naghị eri ọtụtụ nri. N'oge opupu ihe ubi ọ na-agaru nso n'ikpere mmiri. Yabụ na Blackkere mackerel winters na ụdị na Oké Osimiri Marmara. Ọdịda ya na - apụta na mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi, mgbe nke a mechara, ndị mmadụ na - eme njem gafere Bosphorus ruo Oké Osimiri Ojii. Okporo ụzọ maka mackerel dịruru malite n’April ruo June, ọ na-abụkarị ndị osimiri Bulgarian na ndị Romania. Shoal na-anọdụ n’elu mmiri dị n’elu mmiri, na-anọkarị n’elu mmiri, na-eme mkpọtụ njiri mara ya, ma na-ahụ nke ọma na mkpọmkpọ ebe na mmiri na-emebi, yana mkpokọta ndị na-eri anụ iyakị — dolphins, tuna, gulls. Ntughari azu nke Oke Osimiri Ojii na Oke Osimiri Marmara na-ebido mgbe mmiri ya dara rue + 10 Celsius C wee bido na onwa Disemba - onwa febuwari, ogha ka na-ano rue oge oyi site na oke osimiri Turkey na Caucasus.
Mackerel tozuru oke site na nwata mgbe ọ dị afọ 2 –4; fecundity ya bụ 350-500 puku akwa. Nwere ike ịdị ndụ ruo afọ 17-18.
Azu Mackerel
Azịza nye ajụjụ a ebe achọtara mackerel, ị ga - amụta ya n’isiokwu a. Ọ bụ n'usoro perucion, bụ akụkụ nke ezinụlọ mackerel. N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, usoro okirikiri ya ejikọtaghị na ala, ya mere a na-ewere ya dị ka azụ.
Nke a bụ azụ buru ibu nke ukwuu. Ogologo ya nwere ike iru sentimita 64. Onu ogugu di ihe dika 30 centimita. Anụ ahụ yiri ihie, nke eji obere akpa kpuchie ya. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na eriri akpa, n'ọgwụ maka ọtụtụ ụdị azụ, nwere ike ịnọ ma ọ bụ na-anọghị na mackerel.
Mmechi nke perch
N'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na a na-ewere mackerel dị ka azụ dị oke mma, ezigbo onye ikwu ya bụ ihe jupụtara na ya. Aha ya nke ozo bu mackerel. Oke nke mackerel nwere ike iru kilogram abụọ. Mana obere ihe ngosi ya nwere ike ịdị obere, na-eru ihe dịka 300-350 grams.
Azụ nke edebere maka isiokwu a nwere agba nke ọla ọcha, azụ ya na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, na ọnya gbara ọchịchịrị na-agafe ahụ niile. Mackerel nwere nku ndị ọzọ, na mgbakwunye na pectoral ọkọlọtọ na azụ.
Dịka ọ dị na ọtụtụ ndị ezinaụlọ mackerel, ọ nwere ike ịtụle mgbanaka ọkpụkpụ dị n'akụkụ anya. O nwekwara ezé mara mma, ezé nwere ọdịdị ezé.
Umu anumanu na Mackerel
Ndị ọkachamara na-achọpụta ma ọ́ dịghị ihe ọzọ ụdị azụ̀ anọ dị mkpa. Nke kachasị n'ime ha bụ onye Afrịka. Ọ ruru ogo kachasị n’etiti ndị ikwu ya niile.
Mana nke kachasị dị ka ewere Japanese, ma ọ bụ mackerel na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. E nwekwara ụdị azụ azụ abụọ ndị ọzọ - Australia na Atlantic.
Aha ya bụ Habitat
Yabụ, kedu ebe mackerel dị. Ọkarịrị na-ahọrọ ibi na oke osimiri, ma ọ bụ karịa ka a na-ahụkarị n'akụkụ niile nke ụwa. Ọ bụ na-anọghị naanị n'otu oke osimiri na mbara ụwa - Arctic.
N'ebe mackerel na-egwu mmiri, dịka iwu, a na-ahazi njem ndị buru ibu iwere ya. Site n'oké osimiri, azụ ahụ na-egwu mmiri n'ụdị mmiri niile dị n'akụkụ ha. Yabụ, ebe a hụrụ azụ azu mackerel, onye ọ bụla nwere mmasị na ahia ya maara. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ọtụtụ n'ime mmiri Oké Osimiri White. Ọ na-egwu mmiri n'ụdị mmiri niile dị n'ime mmiri. Ndị a bụ Marble, Baltic, Black na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Ugbu a ị maara kpọmkwem ebe a na-achọta mackerel.
Achọtara ya ebe niile na mbara ụwa, ọ na - egwu mmiri ruo n'akụkụ North America. Ihe dị mkpa bụ ebe maka mackerel na-ebi n'oge Mbugharị ọkọchị. Azụ dị n'oké osimiri ahụ na-abanye Osimiri White na Barents. Ọtụtụ n'ime ya na-agbakọta n'akụkụ ụsọ mmiri Irish, karịsịa na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke mba ahụ.
Dịka ị siri hụ, nke a bụ ụdị juru ebe niile. Ya mere, iji zaa ajụjụ banyere ebe maka oke iyi dị na Russia, o zuru ezu iji depụta ọtụtụ n'ime oke osimiri ebe mmiri Russia dị. Site n'ụzọ, Atlantic ma ọ bụ Far Eastern mackerel na-adakarị na shelf nke ụlọ ahịa ụlọ.
Site na edemede a, ị matara ebe a na-ahụ mackerel na Russia.
Ndụ obibi
N'ebe ebe mackerel dị, njide ahụ na-adịkarị mma n'ihi na ọ na-ahọrọ igwu mmiri ọ bụghị n'okpuru ala, kama ọ bụ n'akụkụ mmiri. Ndị a bụ ndị na-egwu mmiri mara mma nke a na-emegharị na ndụ n'ime ọdọ mmiri nnu.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke mgbakwunye ọzọ na-enyere ha aka ịghara ịbanye n'okirikiri ngwa ngwa. Azu na - egbochi ahihia mgbe niile, na - ejikọkarị sardines Peruvian. Mackerel nwere ọtụtụ ndị iro ma na mmiri ma na ikuku. Ndị a bụ ndị pelicia, na dolphins, na shark, na ọdụm oké osimiri, na ọbụna nnukwu tuna.
Mackerel na-enwe ahụ iru ala nanị mgbe ọ dị ogo 8 ruo 20. Yabụ, ọ kwesiri ịkwaga. N'afọ niile, ọ na-ebi naanị na mmiri ọkụ nke Oke Osimiri Indian na-akwụghị aka ọtọ.
N'otu oge ahụ, ọbụlagodi na mmiri mmiri na Turkey anaghị ekpo oke ọkụ, yabụ, ozugbo oke ikuku wee daa, mackerel na-egwu mmiri n'ebe a mụrụ ha. Osimiri Ojii na-esi Osimiri Uhie dị nso na azụ. Onwere otutu igha oku na enye ha obi iru ala. N'oge njem, mackerel anaghị adị gara gara, ha na-etinye ike na ume naanị na ịchọ nri.
Na mmiri, o nwere ike itolite nnukwu ọsọ - ruo 30 km / h.
Kedu ka mackerel si eri?
Mackerel - anụ oriri. Ha na-eri plankton na obere crustaceans, nke a na-ete n'ime mmiri. Azu nwere ike iri squid ma ọ bụ obere nke nwere azụ.
Na-awakpo anụ oriri ya, mackerel na-atụpụ, n'ụzọ nke sekọnd ọ na-etolite ọsọ nke ruru 80 km / h. N'oge ichu nta, a na-anakọta mackerel na anụ ụlọ. Ọtụtụ mgbe na-awakpo hamsa, sandstones, sprats.
Ihe a na-eme n'ime mkpọ, nnukwu ehi na-eme ka anụ oriri ya ruo na elu. N'ezie achụpụ ndị na-emegide ya na akuku. Ma ebidozie nri. Ndị na-eri anụ gbara ya gburugburu, dịka ọmụmaatụ, dolphins ma ọ bụ seagulls, sonyere ya. A na-ahụ ụdị ụyọkọ ụdị azụ a nke ọma.
N’agbanyeghi oke ya di obere, mackerel di utari. Agụụ agụụ kachasị maka mackerel Australia. Ọ na-eri ihe niile n’usoro, n’echeghị ya n’eche ma o nwere ike ị nweta ya. Ndị ọbịa Australia na-ejikarị nke a. A na-ejide ụdị mackerel ahụ na nko a n'etinyeghị aka.
Ọkpụkpọ mackerel
Mackerel spawning na-amalite na afọ nke abụọ nke ndụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ na-ewetara ụmụ afọ kwa afọ. Dị agadi n’ime azụ a pụtara na njedebe nke afọ iri nke abụọ.
Azụ ndị toro eto na-abanye na etiti oge opupu ihe ubi, ebe azụ na-eto eto na-amụ nwa na mbubreyo June. Ntughari ha di ike, n’ihi na azu ahu di otutu. N'otu oge, ọ nwere ike ịhapụ ihe dị ka narị puku ise na puku ise na omimi nke ihe dịka narị mita abụọ. Ọkwa nke akwa nke ọ bụla bụ ihe anya mmadụ na - adịghị ahụ anya - ọ bụ naanị ihe dị ka otu milimita. N'ime nke ọ bụla n'ime ha, enwere otu abụba, site n'enyemaka nke nke eghe na-ata ya niile.
Kedu otu larvae ga-akpụzi dabere na ọnọdụ dị ntụsara ahụ dị gburugburu ya. Ná nkezi, oge a bụ ụbọchị iri ruo izu atọ. Larvae mackerel onwe ha bu anumanu, ma n'otu oge ahu nwere oke iwe. Akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ iri nri na ha mgbe ụfọdụ nwere ike iteta nke na ha nwere ike ịmịpụ ma rie ibe ha.
Ire nke amuru ohuru pere mpe. Naanị sentimita ole na ole n'ogologo. Ma site n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, ha na-eto ngwa ngwa. Ogo ha na-abawanye ma ọ dịkarịa ala ugboro atọ. Mgbe nke a mechara, uto nke mackerel na-eto eto na-adalata nke ukwuu.
Nzuzo nke icho mackerel
Eji Mackerel kpọrọ ihe nke ukwuu oge niile, yabụ, n’akụkọ ihe mere eme niile nke ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ, ọ bụrịrị azụ azụ. Taa, opekata mpe azu 65,000 ka a na-ejide kwa afọ naanị n'ụsọ osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ.
Ebe obibi nke mackerel buru oke ibu nke na ọ na - eme ka ọ nwee ike ijide ya n'akụkụ niile nke mbara ụwa. Ndị ọrụ ịkụ azụ na-arụ ọrụ na Europe n'ụsọ osimiri nke agwaetiti Canary, yana na Baltic, Black na Oké Osimiri Marmara.
N’oge ọkọchị, ndị ọkụ azụ̀ na-arụ ọrụ n’ebe ugwu Iceland, yana n’akụkụ oké osimiri Murmansk nke Russia. Nwere ike izute nnukwu ụlọ akwụkwọ maka mackerel na mpaghara Novaya Zemlya, na mmiri nke Oké Osimiri White, yana n'ọtụtụ ebe ndị ọzọ.
Iji jide azụ a, a na-ejikarị eriri akwa ma ọ bụ obere akpa. Ejikwa ọkwa, trawls, ụgbụ gill, nko dị iche iche maka ịkụ azụ.
Ndị ọkụ azụ na-anwụ anwụ na-ejikarị mackerel. Maka ndị na-egwu ala nwere ahụmahụ, nke a abụghị nnukwu ọrụ. Ọ kachasị dị mma iji nweta ụgbọ mackerel site na ụgbọ mmiri ma ọ bụ ụgbọ mmiri. Mackerel bụ azụ nwere anyaukwu, yabụ ịkwado ya dị mfe. Maka nke a, ihe ọ bụla na-egbuke egbuke ma jide ya dabara adaba. Ya mere, ndi oku azu jiri udiri obere nkọwa di iche ma obu nke ọla. Isi ihe bụ na ọ ga-ahụ nke ọma site n’ebe dị anya.
Azụ ọ bụla ọ bụla, anụ a na-akụ azụ ma ọ bụ nri ehi, nke na-ere n'efu, na-aga nke ọma maka ụrọ.