Republic of Mordovia dị n’ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe. Ihe enyemaka ahụ dị larịị, mana enwere ugwu na ugwu dị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ. N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ bụ okirikiri dị larịị Oka-Don, na etiti bụ Volga Upland. Mpaghara ihu igwe nke Mordovia dị mma ihu igwe. Ke ini etuep, nkezi nkezi bụ-11 degrees Celsius, na ọkọchị +19 degrees. Ihe ruru 500 mm nke oke ikuku na-ada kwa afọ.

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A ntakịrị ihe banyere Republic

Republic of Mordovia bụ mpaghara Volga nke Russian Federation ma tinye ya na mpaghara akụ na ụba Volga-Vyatka. Ọ dị ihe dịka kilomita 330 site na Moscow. Site na Mordovia nwere ụzọ ụgbọ njem na-ejikọ isi obodo nke obodo na Siberia, Urals na Volga. Ndi agbata obi ya n’akụkụ ugwu na ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ mpaghara Nizhny Novgorod, Chuvashia na mpaghara Ulyanovsk, n’ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ya na Ryazan, na ndịda - mpaghara Penza.

Ihe juputara na mmadu puku mmadu bi na 800 bi n'ime ha, ihe kariri 62% bi n'ime obodo. Na mgbakwunye na Russian, asụsụ ndị Mordovia na-asụ bụ Erzya na Moksha. Ndị nnọchi anya agbụrụ abụọ sitere na mpaghara Oksko-Sur interfluve na-ekwu okwu ha.

Ugbu a ndị Mordovian bụ ndị otu abụọ kachasị ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ. Ya mere, ndị Russia na - aza ihe dịka 53%, ndị Mordvinians - ihe dị ka 40% nke ndị bi. Odika 5% bu onu ogugu nke Tatars.

Isi obodo nke mba ahụ bụ Saransk nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 300,000. N’afọ 2013, onye France na-eme ihe nkiri Gerard Depardieu nwetara aha n’obodo a ozugbo ọ ghọrọ nwa amaala Russia. Na 2018, a ga-eme ụfọdụ egwuregwu World Cup na Saransk.

Njirimara ihu igwe

Ọchịchị dị n'ime latitude na-emebisị ọnọdụ, ya mere a na-akpọ oge anọ ahụ ma dochie ibe ha n'ụzọ doro anya. Ime mmiri n'oké osimiri na oke osimiri na-enyekwa aka na ya, na -eme ka ụdị ihu igwe Mordovia nke buru ibu, yana oke ikuku dị kwa afọ.

Ọchịchị nwere oge ọkọchị na-ekpo ọkụ nke ukwuu, ọ na-adịgide kpọmkwem dị ka kalenda ahụ: malite na June wee gwụ na ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke August. Julaị bụ ọnwa kachasị ewu ewu mgbe okpomọkụ ya ruru + 26-27 Celsius. N'oge a, oke ikuku nke ọdịda anyanwụ na nke ugwu. N’oge ọkọchị, oke mmiri ozuzo, ikuku akọrọ, ọdọ mmiri na ụkọ mmiri na-ebilite.

Oge ọnwa oyi kachasị nke afọ bụ Jenụwarị, yana ogo-11 Celsius. Oge oyi nke Mordovia bụ urukpuru na mmiri. Ma ntu oyi ndị buru oke ibu anaghị adị ogologo ma na-ekpokarịghị ala -15 Celsius. Oke opekata mpe ka edebanye aha na Republic--7 Celsius. N'oge oyi, iru mmiri dị elu karịa n'oge ọkọchị. Ihe omume a na-ahụkarị n’oge udu mmiri bụ nkịta ọhịa, ice, ntu oyi, oke ikuku na oke ikuku.

Mmiri nke dị n’elu mmiri

Ọrụ dị mkpa maka ọdịdị Mordovia bụ osimiri. Ha dị ihe dị ka 1525 n'ime ha na Republic of, ha niile so na mmiri Volga. Osimiri Mordovia na-eri mmiri nke apịtị ala. Ha na-ekupụ isi na-eme mkpọtụ, na ndagwurugwu na nnukwu mmiri.

Osimiri ndị kachasị ukwuu bụ Moksha na Sura, bụ ndị mmiri ya na-ekpuchi ala dum nke Republic. Ihe ndi ozo na Mordovia bu oru ha. Mmiri Sura Sura na-ejikọ ya na Volga ma bụrụ ụtụ ya kwesịrị ekwesị, Moksha na-abanye na Oka, site na ya banye na Volga.

Ọdọ ndị dị na Republic ahụ pere mpe. N'ụzọ bụ isi, ha bụ ụmụ nwanyị meworo agadi, nke e guzobere n'ihi mgbanwe nke mmiri. Nke kachasị n'ime ha bụ Ọdọ Inerka. N'ịbụ akụkụ nke Sura n'oge gara aga, ọ gbatịkwuru 4 km n'ogologo wee ruo obosara nke naanị 200 mita.

Osisi ụwa

Ọdịdị oge a nke Mordovia bụ nke emere mgbe afọ gasịchara.A manyere ya imeghari ka ihu igwe na-agbanwe agbanwe, ma n'otu oge ahụ, imeghari ka mmepe akụ na ụba nke ala site n'aka nwoke. E chebebeghị oke ohia na oke ọhịa nke steeti ahụ. N'ime narị afọ atọ gara aga, ebe ndị a kụrụ mmiri na-adọghachi ha azụ.

Osisi dị n'ime obodo na-anọchite anya ihe niile ngalaba dị. Enwere naanị algae na-acha uhie uhie na agba aja aja ebe a. Umu ahihia nke ahihia (1120), moss (77), lichens (83) na olu (186) bara ụba na ala Mordovia.

Ihe dị ka 27% nke ala Republic juputara na oke ọhịa nke nwere osisi coniferous na agwakọta. A na-ahụkarị ha na oke osisi, osisi pine, lindens, aspen, birch, willow, ash. Nakwa na oke ohia enwere osisi hazel, rosehip, euonymus.

Ahịhịa ahịhịa na ahịhịa dị na Mordovia na-adịbu ọtụtụ ohere. Ugbu a, echekwara ha naanị ebe o siri ike ịhazi mpaghara ndị arable, ya bụ, na ndagwurugwu, mmiri na-asọ, n'akụkụ ọnụ nke oke ọhịa na n'akụkụ osimiri. Akwụkwọ ahịhịa na okooko osisi na-eto ebe a, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ahịhịa nku, chamomile, pikulnik, metelica ubi, klova, sage. A na-achọta sedges, mosses, willows na thicketail n'ikpere mmiri.

Animanu nke Mordovia

N'ihi nchikota ọtụtụ mpaghara eke, yana nnukwu mmiri netwọkụ, ụwa anụmanụ nwere mba dị iche iche. Osimiri, na akuru ahihia, kestrel, baajị, na partridge na-ebi n'oké ọhịa. N'ime oke osisi oak na mpaghara mbu, a na-ahụ oji ojii, capercaillie, mkpọmkpọ ebe, mkpọmkpọ ọhịa, oke ohia na ụmụ oke, dormouse, na vipers.

N'ime oke ohia dị ebe obibi, anụ ọkụkọ, ahịhịa, ure, beanel, bea, bea, anụ, anụ na anụ ọhịa wolf. N'ime steppes na-ebi jerboas, sheru, squirrels. Beavers, muskrats, otters bi na osimiri na ọdọ mmiri, catfish, pike, bream, ides swim. Na mkpokọta, n'etiti ụmụ anụmanụ nke Mordovia enwere ụdị anụ mamm 50, ụdị nnụnụ 170, ụdị azụ 30 na ụmụ ahụhụ karịrị otu puku.

Ebe nlegharị anya nke Mordovia: ihe ndị sitere n'okike na nke ọdịnala

Ebe nlegharị anya kachasị amasị Mordovia bụ n'obodo Saransk: ebe ngosi nka, ogige, ụlọ ụka, ebe obibi ndị mọnk na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. N'ime ebe nkiri dị mma nke Mordovia, ihe kachasị dị mma bụ ọdọ mmiri Inerka mara mma, Cheidovich Nature Reserve na Smolny National Park.

Republic of Mordovia dị kilomita 330 site na Moscow (MKAD). Kedu ihe na-atọ ụtọ banyere ya? N'agbanyeghị ịdị nso ya na Moscow, ọtụtụ na-agbagha ya na Moldova ma ọ bụ anụtụbeghị banyere ya.

Ebe etiti ndụ Mordovian bụ obodo Saransk - isi obodo nke Republic of Mordovia. Lee ebe nlebara anya nke ọdịbendị, ntụrụndụ na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ. Saransk bụ obodo nwere Republican. Citizensmụ amaala na-esite na Mordovia niile na - eweta nsogbu dị warara: nyocha ahụike, ọrụ ọha, wdg.

Ihe dị ka puku mmadụ 315 puku bi na Saransk. N’ebe nke abụọ n’okwu gbasara ọnụọgụ na ọnụ ahịa bụ obodo Ruzayevka - nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ ruru ihe ruru 46,000. N’ebe nke atọ bụ obodo Kovylkino nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na 20,000. Ndị a bụ Komsomolsky mmepere emmepe - puku mmadụ iri na atọ na obodo nta na-arụ ọrụ bụ Zubova Polyana - puku mmadụ iri.

Obodo asaa dị na Mordovia: na mgbakwunye na Saransk, Ruzayevka na Kovylkino, ndị a bụ Krasnoslobodsk, Ardatov, Insar na Temnikov. Nke mbụ na nke kasị nta bụ obodo Temnikov. Onu ogugu ya bu puku mmadu isii na puku isii, ubochi iteghete bu 1536.

Onu ogugu ndi mmadu nke Republic nwere erughi nde 1 - ihe ruru puku mmadu 800. Na Mordovia, ndị Russia, Mordovians na Tatars bi. E kewara ndị Mordovians mba atọ: Moksha, Erzya na Shoksha.

Ọdọ mmiri ndị kasị ukwuu na Mordovia bụ:

• Inerka - ọdọ mmiri kachasị na Republic. Si na Mordovian “Inerka” sụgharịa “Oke Ọdọ”. Ogologo ya bụ 3.35 km, obosara ya bụ mita 80-150, obosara ya kachasị bụ mita 11.5.
• Imerka - Ọdọ mmiri dị omimi nke Mordovia, nke dị n'ókèala mpaghara Zubovo-Polyansky.

Osimiri Mordovia dị larịị, dị jụụ. Isi osimiri bụ Moksha na Sura.

Mordovia na-aga n'okporo ụzọ awara awara nke gọọmentị M5 Moscow-Chelyabinsk.Na-akwọ ụgbọala n'okporo ụzọ awara awara mgbe mpaghara Moscow na Ryazan, Mordovia malitere. Ihe kachasị njọ na Moscow na mpaghara Mordovia kasị ukwuu bụ Zubovo-Polyansky.

Mgbe ịbanye n'ókèala Mordovia, obodo a ma ama Umet ga-adị n'okporo ụzọ awara awara. A maara ya maka nnukwu cafes dị n'okporo ụzọ awara awara (ihe karịrị narị iberibe 200) na anwụrụ ọkụ siri ike na isi nke kebabs. Aha ụlọ oriri na ọesụesụ dị iche iche, ndị a kacha mara amara bụ “Mordonalds”.

Isi ndị na-ege ntị ebe nri obodo bụ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala, mana enwerekwa ndị agụụ na-agụ na-agafe. Mgbe ị nọrọ n’ụlọ ebe a na-elekọta Umet, cheta na ihe niile dị mfe maka onye ahịa nwere nghọta: ụlọ mposi e ji osisi rụọ n’okporo ụzọ, efere ndị dị mfe, na enweghị nri ụlọ rụrụ arụ.

Obodo dum nke Umet nwere onu ogugu mmadu ruru puku asaa na puku asaa na-arụ ọrụ na nri ọha.

Mordovia bụ onye ama ama maka ụlọ mkpọrọ, ebe a na njedebe nke 20s nke narị afọ ikpeazụ Dubravlag ma ọ bụ ZhH-385, nke bụ akụkụ nke usoro Gulag. Mmadu aghaghi beya isi na nka, ma obu eziokwu. Ogige ndị dị n'etiti ọhịa dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Mordovia na mpaghara Zubovo-Polyansky, ugbu a, ha dị ihe karịrị iri atọ.

Ebe etiti obodo a buru ibu. Institutionlọ akwụkwọ ahụ bụ obodo Yavas, buru ụzọ kpọọ kilomita 36 na Zavodskaya. Ya mere, a na-akpọkarị mpaghara Mordovian Java.

N'oge ndị Soviet, e nwere ogige pụrụ iche maka ndị mkpọrọ mmiri. Ugbu a n'etiti ogige mgbazi (IK) bụ naanị mpaghara dị na Russia maka ndị mba ọzọ. Enwekwara ụlọ mkpọrọ maka ụmụ nwanyị na ogige ndụ. Site n'ụzọ, ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọhụụ nọ ọdụ ọzọ ebe a: ọka iwu Yukos Svetlana Bakhmina, onye otu Pussy Riot Nadezhda Tolokonnikova.

Imirikiti ebe nlegharị anya nke Mordovia bụ nke dị na Saransk. Ebe nlegharị anya nke Saransk bụ ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ebe ncheta, ụlọ ihe nkiri na sinima, ogige ntụrụndụ, ụlọ ezumike, ebe nkiri, ụlọ ọgbakọ, ebe a na-ere ihe na ihe ụtọ ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na ịnọ na Mordovia, ka ị ghara ịnwe ike gwụrụ ma zụta ihe ncheta Mordovian, jide n'aka na ị ga-abịa Saransk.

Mmiri isi iyi Mordovia na Millennium Square

Obodo mara mma. Enwere ọtụtụ ogige, isi iyi ndị mara mma na ọmarịcha ọgbara ọhụrụ. N'agbanyeghị ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ụlọ ọrụ, ọ naghị enwe mmetụta na-akụda mmụọ nke obodo mepere emepe. Saransk bụ ebe obibi nke mmepeanya n'etiti oke ọhịa, ubi, apịtị na obere obere Mordovia.

Na mgbakwunye, Saransk bụ obodo ochie e wusiri ike mgbe ochie, e hiwere ya na 1641. Ndị agha Stepan Razin na Emelyan Pugachev n’onwe ya gara na nke ya. Ọ na-atọkarị ụtọ mgbe obodo nwere akụkọ.

Saransk bụ obodo pere mpe na Russia ebe a na-eme asọmpi iko ụwa nke 2018. Maka emume a, e wuru bọọdụ Mordovia Arena n'ụdị anwụ, na-enwe ikike dị ihe ruru puku mmadụ iri anọ.

Stationzọ ụgbọ oloko dị na Ruzayevka

Ruzayevka bụ obodo nke abụọ na-esote Saransk n'ihe banyere ndị bi na Mordovia. Mgbe emechara World Cup 2018 gara aga, Ruzayevka gbanwere maka mma. A rụziri ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, a na-arụ ọrụ ndozi okporo ụzọ, rụziri okporo ụzọ ndị mbụ. Ọzọkwa, n'ikpeazụ, edobere ọdụ ụgbọ ala n'usoro ma kachasị mkpa: A rụzigharị ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè.

Ihe na-atọ ndị njem na ọdụ ụgbọelu Ruzayevka bụ na ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na ọdụ ụgbọ ala nọ n'otu ebe. Eziokwu kekọtara ụzọ ha ji agafe ụzọ okporo ụzọ. Ugbu a ọ kpuchiela ma mara mma karịa nke ọhụụ, mana akwa akwa na akwa ọfụma.

Akwa nwere ebe dị ugbu a n'akụkụ ọ bụla. No gaghịzi eburu akpa siri ike ruo akwa wee gbadaa. Ije ije na àkwà mmiri ọhụrụ ahụ mara mma, achọrọ m ịsị: ekele, iko ụwa. Ọ bụrụ na abụghị maka gị, ndị njem gaara ata ahụhụ site na ịdọrọ akpa ha n'elu akwa.

N’afọ 2011, e guzobere ihe ncheta nke ndị na-arụ ọrụ n’ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke Ruzayevka, ụgbọ oloko ụgbọ mmiri “Lebedyanka”, n’ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Railway Station.E wuru ebe a na-egwu uzuoku na 1954 ma jiri ọtụtụ oge ndụ na saịtị Penza-Ruzayevka na Ruzayevka-Krasny Uz. N'akụkụ ebe a bụ ọnụọgụ ọla nke onye ọrụ ụgbọ oloko na nwa ya nwoke.

Site na ọdụ ụgbọ ala nke Ruzayevka ruo ọdụ ụgbọ ala nke Saransk - 27 km.

Museumlọ ebe a na-edebe ebe a na-ebusa ebusa

Ruzayevka abụghị ọgaranya na-adọrọ mmasị ma ọ bụ ebe mara mma. Obodo nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ oloko nwere ike inye dị ka ntụrụndụ ọdịbendị - ebe ngosi nka nke ebe ana-ebugharị ebugharị. Ọ dị na: abụrụ. Ntughari nke 1905, ulo 7.

Atọ n’Ime Otu Atọ n’Ime Otu

Katidral nke Holy Trinity Katidral nke Ruzayevka nke nwere ụlọ ọla edo iri na isii ka ehibere n'afọ 2009. Ewuru na 2012 site na ego sitere na zalọ Ọrụ Glass Ruzaevsky na onyinye sitere n'aka ndị kwere ekwe na adreesị na-esonụ: ul. Karl Marx, ụlọ 61. E nyefere ụlọ nsọ ahụ ka emee ememme ncheta afọ 1000 nke ịdị n'otu ndị Mordovian na ndị Russia.

Templelọ-nsọ ​​buru nnukwu ibu, mita 40 dị elu, enwere ọbá akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ Sọnde, ụlọ ezumezu na nnukwu ọgbakọ, ebe a bụ diocese Ruzaev. E kewapụrụ ya na ụlọukwu nke elu na nke ala. Ọ dị n'ọnụ ụzọ obodo ahụ site n'akụkụ Saransk n'ebe kachasị elu.

Ebe obibi ndị mọnk nke Paraskevo

Na nso Ruzayevka bụ obodo Paygarma, nke ụlọ obibi ndị nwanyị ochie Paraskevo-Ascension Monastery. Ebe obibi ndị mọnk na-arụ ọrụ.

Obodo Temnikov dị na Osimiri Moksha, oke ọhịa dị larịị gbara ya gburugburu. Nke a bụ nnukwu osisi ohia Emashevskaya na mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri Vyakchisheva.

Obodo Temnikov bụ nke ama ama maka ebe obibi ndị mọnk Sanaksar oge ochie, ebe ili na ngwongwo Admiral Fedor Ushakov dị. Ebe a na-ahụ maka Temnikovsky of History Local na Museum of the Computer L. I. Voinov nwekwara ebe a.

Ihe ịchọ mma nke Temnikov bụ ụlọ ụka ochie nke Assumption of the Holy Virgin Mary (1827). E wuru ya na nsọpụrụ nke ndị agha Temnikovsky nke 1812.

Ogbe ole na ole site na obodo Temnikov bụ Ọmụmụ nwanyị kachasị mara mma nke Ọmụmụ Theotokos Sanaksarsky. Ọ dị n'akụkụ mmiri nke Osimiri Moksha, bụ nke hibere n'afọ 1659.

Aha ụlọ ebe obibi ndị mọnk ahụ jikọtara ya na Admiral Ushakov, onye ọchịagha ndị Russia a ma ama. Ọ nọrọ oge ndụ ya fọdụrụ na ala ya na obodo Alekseevka, na nso obodo Temnikov. Ugbu a ọ nweghị ihe fọdụrụ na ụlọ.

Ejiri ozu ama ama n’ime olulu Sanaksar. N'afọ 2001, ndị ụkọchukwu megharịrị ya dị ka onye senti n'ihu ndị ezi omume. Ma ugbu a, ebe obibi ndị mọnk ahụ abụghị naanị ili nke nnukwu ọchịagha, kamakwa ihe ndebiri nke senti.

Ihe omimi Fyodor Fyodorovich Ushakov site n'oge ruo n'oge na-aga Russia dị ka ihe ntinye nsọ maka emume ụka na ntinye, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, ndị agha na ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri.

Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na nwanne nna nke Admiral Ivan Ignatovich Ushakov, mgbe tọn gasịrị - Feodor Sanaksarsky bụ gọvanọ nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk Sanaksarsky (1764-1774), nwụrụ ma lie ya ebe a. N'afọ 1999, ndị ụka họọrọ ya dịka onye nsọ, mana naanị ọgbakọ ndị obodo Saransk na-asọpụrụ.

Ili nke Fedor Ushakov

Na-agabiga n’obodo Krasnoslobodsk, ịgaghị agbagha ihe ọ bụla. Ihe ngosi di egwu nke Krasnoslobodsk bu Katidral nke nbilite n’onwu nke Kraist. Ọ dị na mkpọda nke okporo ụzọ ndị dị elu ma rute mita 35 karịa ụlọ.

Ilere ụlọ nsọ dị elu nke nwere ọmarịcha ụlọ na-egbu mara mma nke ụlọ na-adịghị mma anya na-akpata obi erughị ala. Ọ daba adabaghị na ihe ngosipụta obodo ahụ ma mesiekwa ya ike banyere ọmarịcha Ugwu na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks Russia

Mpaghara Chamzinsky nke Republic of Mordovia enweghị ike ịnya isi maka ebe ọ bụla na-adọta mmasị n'agbanyeghị agbanyeghị na enwere obodo Komsomolsky na Chamzinka. Ha bụ nnukwu obodo nke Republic. Na Komsomolsky enwere nnukwu osisi "Mordovcement" na "Lato".

Enweghị nnukwu ọdọ mmiri ma ọ bụ osimiri na mpaghara Chamzinsky, naanị ihe na-adọrọ mmasị n'okike bụ Ugwu achara isi, gbasaa n'akụkụ ọzọ na Alekseevka.

I nwekwara ike ihu ụlọ ụka ochie nke Kazan Icon nke Nne nke Chukwu n'ime obodo Makolovo.

Churchka nke Kazan Icon nke nne nke Chukwu Makolovo

Fauna

Anụ ọhịa Mordovia bara ụba ma nweekwa ọtụtụ. Ihe kpatara nke a bụ n'ihi ọnọdụ pụrụ iche nke obodo jikọtara ọnụ, bụ nke dị na nkwụsị nke oke oke ọhịa na nkwụchi. N'ihi ya, a na-ahụkarị ụdị anụ anụmanụ dị iche iche ebe a, enwere ndị si Siberia, Far East, Mediterranean, na mpaghara ndịda.

Nke ndị nnọchi anya klas cyclostomes na osimiri. Surah na mbụ hụrụ oriọna Caspian. Na osimiri Moksha na ụtụ isi ya p. Urkat ruo mgbe ndị 1970s amaara pere mpe nke mmiri oriọna na - acha ọcha, mana n'afọ ndị na - adịbeghị anya, ahụghị ya ebe ahụ. Edere umu abuo ndi a na akwukwo ndi di na Mordovia.

E nwere ụdị azụ 40 dị na mmiri mmiri nke Republic. Ezinaụlọ Karpov bụ ihe akachasị gosipụtara n'ụdị ụdị, gụnyere ụdị iri abụọ na anọ. N'ime ndị a, roach, bleak, Verkhovka, dace, ide, bream, carp crucian na ọlaọcha bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Ezinụ ahụ nọchiri anya ezinụlọ Vyunovye, nke ụdị sọsọ na mustachioed chara chara acha. A na-ahụta nke perchs, perch, ruff, perch na a na-enwekarị obere bersh. Ndị nnọchianya nke ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ bụ ụdị 1-2 na-anọchite anya ya. Nke sturgeons na Mordovia, Russian sturgeon na sterlet, nke a gụnyere na Red Book, ka ahuru. Na akwụkwọ Red nke Russian Federation gụnyere Russian quickid na nkịtị sculpin. Kemgbe afọ ndị 1970 Edeghị ụdị anụ ndị a na osimiri Mordovia. Naanị na-adịbeghị anya na osimiri. Moksha na ọtụtụ ụtụ ya ji akara akwụ, akara bastard bidoro ịmalite Sura, Moksha na ụtụ ha. Akwụkwọ Red mpaghara mpaghara nwere ụdị azụ 15. Umu umu ihe ndia nwere bu oke ohia ndi oria di ndu - rotan-firebrand. Azu azumahia, azu kaapu, ahihia ahịhịa, trout na Sturgeon adọ ụdị ụfọdụ na-akọ na n'ubi ọdọ mmiri. Ihe dị iche iche ji egbu azụ bụ roach, perch, bream, pike, ide, crucian carp.

Classmụ amịbian na Mordovia nwere ụdị iri na otu. Nke caudate amphibians, ụmụ ọhụrụ na-agbachitere ọhụrụ na-adị ndụ. Umu anumanu ndia bu ihe ndi mmadu na achoputara ebe nile. Thedị a na-ahụkarị na amphibians na-enweghị nkọ bụ frog ihu, galiki, toad green. Ngwakọta ngwakọ nke Central frogs na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ nwere ụdị atọ: ọdọ, ọdọ mmiri, na oriri. Speciesdị abụọ mbụ ahụ biri ebe niile ma dị ọtụtụ, a makwaara nke ikpeazụ naanị n'ọtụtụ mpaghara na Mordovia. N'akwụkwọ Red na Republic of Mordovia, ahịhịa na frogs erimeri, edepụtara na -acha uhie-acha ọbara ọbara na tosh isi awọ.

Anyi a na-ahuta umu anumanu nke umu anumanu. Common na-ejikarị ngwa ngwa ma dịkwa ọtụtụ bụ akwa na-efe efe na ọsọ, ihe na-egbu egbu na osisi na-emebi emebi adịghị obere. Agụnyere viper a na-ahụkarị na Red Book mpaghara, mana ọnụ ọgụgụ ya amụbawo nke ọma n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Agwọ tara akpụ na Mordovia bụ ndị ndepụtaghachi. Achọpụtara ya na Smolny National Park, Mordovian State Nature Reserve aha ya bụ P. G. Smidovich, Zubovo-Polyansky na Tengushevsky. Edere echiche a n'akwụkwọ Red Red nke Republic of Moldova. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a hụwo nduru apịtị n'ọtụtụ ebe, agbanyeghị, nsonye ya na sauna nke steeti dabere na nchọta dịpụrụ adịpụ, ọ dị ka ọ ka akachabeghị.

N'ala Mordovia, ụmụ nnụnụ 258 ka edekọtara, n'ime ha akwula ụdị 192, 39 na-aga, 19 na-efe efe na mpaghara anyị na oge 8 ụdị udu mmiri.

Nnụnụ nza bu nke kachasị ọtụtụ n'oké ọhịa - finch, horse ọhịa, jay, mockingbird green, the black-head and the warblers, scythe, flycatcher, boo-booging, nightingale, nightingale, thrush, great tit, oak. Osisi na-agba agba agba, akwa ala, akwa, na vakhir dịtụ obere. N'ime ụmụ nnụnụ na-eri anụ na ikwiikwii na-ebi ndụdụ ojii, ụdị bekee, goshawk, sparrowhawk, ụzụ na-ewu ewu, ikwiikwii na-arị elu, ikwiikwii. N’oge na-adịghị anya n’ime ọhịa ị nwere ike ịchọta ugo dwarf, ikwiikwii, ụkwụ ụkwụ ya na nnụnụ agafe, osisi nwere mkpịsị aka atọ, wren, ụgbala ojii, ugo na-acha ọla edo, ala ili ozu, nnukwu ugo ahụrụ ahụ, anụ na-eri agwọ, osprey, splyuska. Edere ụdị ndị a niile n'akwụkwọ Red Book of Mordovia.

Na idei mmiri, n'ọhịa ahịhịa, na ebe ana-ata ahịhịa, a na-enwekarị akwa ụkwụ, coronella, odo na-acha odo odo, odo, ahịhịa oatmeal, ahịhịa amị, na - adịkarịghị - oatmeal-dubrovnik, curlew, turukhtan, woodpecker, iceworm, cricket nkịtị, ịnyịnya ahịhịa , ụdị nile sitere na Akwụkwọ Red nke Mordovia. Nnụnụ ndị na-eri anụ na-achọta ọnọdụ dị mma ebe a: ahịhịa amị n'ọnwa, ikwiikwii, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ya na "òké" afọ na-abawanye ọtụtụ ugboro. N'oge opupu ihe ubi, a na-eji ahịhịa mmiri ejupụta na ahịhịa mmiri ma na-eje ozi dị ka ebe mbugharị maka geese, ducks, gulls, wads. N'ọtụtụ ọnụọgụ, na mmiri na-emighị emi n'ime idei mmiri, geese na-acha ọcha, roasters, ndị isi ojii kwụsịrị, na ụfọdụ afọ, geese na-acha ọbara ọbara.

Otutu ọdọ mmiri jupụtara n'okirikiri ahịhịa na-abụ ebe pụrụ iche a na-akpa akwụ. Chomga, ugba ojii na-acha oji, nnukwu na obere ntakịrị, mallard, teepu na-acha ọbara ọbara, mgbada na-acha uhie uhie, ala ahịhịa, ahịhịa na ọnwa na-acha uhie uhie, onye ọzụzụ atụrụ, anụ ndị na-acha odo odo, ọdọ mmiri, akwu na-acha oji na nke na-acha ọcha na ha. N'ime okpu ahịhịa dị n'okirikiri okpomoku na okpomoku, bluethroat, warbler, wdg.

Okirikiri ala ndị dị n'ọhịa bụ mpaghara kachasị na Republic na mpaghara. N'ala dị ukwuu, ndị na-ebikarị ihe na-ewu ewu n'oge ahụ bụ lark, wagtail edo edo, nnụnụ kwel, na agbaze agbaze. Okpokoro Marsh, obere minim, na apata ụkwụ na-edozikwa ụlọ ha ebe a. Dika akwukwo nri, eji eji ogwu eme ha, hapu ogwu, uja, oke owuru, na nku. N'oge opupu ihe ubi, anụ ufe nke geese na cranes na-efe efe na-akwụsị ebe a iji zuo ike ma na-enye nri.

Nnụnụ ndị na-ahụkarị nke ọma bụ nduru na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, nza na ahịhịa na ụlọ, rook, jackdaw, swift ojii, obodo na ime obodo, ihe ịtụnanya, nnukwu tit, finch, ọcha wagtail. Site n'oge ruo n'oge, ọ bụghị ebe niile, nduru na-efegharị efegharị na akwụ akwụ akwụkwụ.

• 1. Biotopes nke nnukwu mpaghara nke oke ohia nke coniferous na coniferous-deciduous - brown brown, bear, roe deer, deer sika, boar ọhịa, wolf, fox, badger, squirrel, white rabb, lynx, marten, mink, polecat bush, dormouse, mole, weasel, vole red, capercaillie, hazel grouse, black grouse, crane green, green woodpecker, atọ osisi na-acha odo odo, blackbird, nightingale, crossbill, odo, kinglet, crested tit, viper, lizards.
• 2. Biotopes nke oke ohia ndi nile nwere mmiri, ala ubi, ala ahịhịa juru, na ahihia di iche-iche - aja aja, oria ala, ihe ndi ozo, agwa ahihia, agwa ahihia, ala ahihia, ala ahihia, oke ohia, oke osisi lark, ọdụ ụgbọ na-agba ọkụ, oatmeal nke ubi, adịghị ahụkebe nke ndị nnọchite biotopes nke ụdị nke mbụ na nke abụọ.
• 3. biotopes mmiri nke dị nso - mmiri beaver, muskrat, nkịta rakoon, otter, muskrat, sandpiper, magpie, obere tern, mallard, black ojii, snipe, ugo na-acha ọcha, frog ọdọ, ọhụrụ.
• > 4. Biotopes nke obodo mepere emepe - ụlọ òké, oke isi awọ, nduru, isi ụlọ, nzere nke obodo, isi ojii.

Na Mordovia, anụ anụ dị iri asaa na asaa sitere na ezinụlọ 20 na iwu isii ka achọpụtara. A na-ahụ ọtụtụ n'ime ha ebe a mgbe niile, ụfọdụ na-ekwo ekwo. Nke ikpeazụ, nke kachasị, gụnyere mgbada ọla na nkịta raccoon, nke a na-esite na East East, mgbada - si Siberia. Muskrat, nke ala nna ya bu North America, si Scandinavia bia Mordovia.

Otutu umu anumanu di iche - umu iri - 27. N'ime ndị a, ụfọdụ ụdị ụmụ oke (ubi, ọhịa, brownie), voles dị n'ọhịa (nke a na-ahụkarị, ọbara ọbara), oke na-acha odo odo na-ahụ gburugburu niile. N'ime oke ohia, a na-ahụkarị osa nkịtị - ihe ịchụ nta bara uru na ndị nnọchianya nke ezinụlọ Sonev - hazel, ubi, dormouse ọhịa na polchok. N'ihu elu, ha yiri obere ụmụ oke nwere friza, dị ka squirrel, ọdụ.Roddị ụdị òké ndị dị n'ụdị Red Book nke Mordovia gụnyere nnukwu jerboa, oke oke bekee, marmot-bobak, na beaver beaver.

Ulo nke anumanu nwere nkpuru iri na ise. Ndị a bụ ihe a na - ahụkarị na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụmụ amaala - nwa nkịta ọhịa, weasel, ermin, ferret ọhịa na "ihe ọhụrụ" maka mpaghara - nkịta raccoon, mink American, nke biri ebe a site na enyemaka mmadụ. Umu nkpuru sitere na umu anumanu bu aja di ndu, lynx, odo, odo.

Obere obere - ụdị iri na otu gụnyere usoro Batwing. N'etiti ha, ememe mgbede gigantic gigantic bụ echiche si na Akwụkwọ Red nke Russia. Otutu mgbe karia ndi ozo, enwere oriọna abali, igwe ohia, oji ututu.

N'ime ụdị ahụhụ ụmụ ahụhụ iri na otu, ndị kacha ewu ewu bụ huhu aja na ụrọ European. Ndị nnọchi anya sh shru - sheru na shray (obere, ọkara, obere, nkịtị) na-eri nri na ụmụ ahụhụ na ikpuru. Desman Russia na-ezokwa maka ahụhụ - ụdị sitere na International Red Book. Edebere ya na mmiri nke nnukwu osimiri.

Artiodactyls na Mordovia 7 umu. Ndi a bu umu umu ndi esi n’ala ozo bia biri (boar ọhịa, mgbada oke ohia) ma obu ndi mmadu sitere na mpaghara ndi ozo (ọla edo na mgbada). Onye bi na oke ugwu Mordovia bu elk. Na Mordovian State Nature Reserve, enwere ebe obibi bison n'efu.

Umu Zaitsev 2 - oke ohia ọcha (ebe ohia di ndu) na aja aja (kariri ihe ndi biotopes mepere emepe).

Specieschụ nta, nke a na-achụ n’ókèala obodo ndị a na-achụ nta, gụnyere ihe dị ka ụdị anụmanụ anụmanụ iri abụọ, bụ́ ndị ihe ndị kacha mkpa ịchụ nta bụ oke bekee na oke bekee, fox, boar ọhịa, elk, squirrel, na marten.

Key Ornithological Territories nke Russia (COTR)

Mmemme KOTR bụ akụkụ nke mmemme dị mkpa nke International Bird Areas (IBA), nke enyere aka na ọchụchọ na nchedo ebe nnụnụ dị mkpa dị mkpa na ụwa niile. KOTR gụnyere: ebe obibi nke ụdị dị n'okpuru iyi egwu nke mkpochapụ ụwa, ebe nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dịkarịsịrị elu na ụdị anụ ọkụ na-enweghị nsogbu, gụnyere ndị edepụtara na IUCN Red List na Akwụkwọ Red nke Russian Federation. Na Republic, ekenyela 9 KOTR nke ụwa dị mkpa.

Ebe nlegharị anya nke Mordovia - nnyocha dị elu na foto nke ebe dị ụtọ

Mordovia bụ Republic nke Rọshịa, nke mpaghara Volga na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke mpaghara a. Isi obodo nke mba a mejupụtara Volga bụ obodo Saransk. Akụkọ ya dịka mpaghara kwụpụrụ onwe ya bidoro na 1930, mgbe e guzobere mpaghara Mordovian Autonomous Region. Afọ anọ ka e mesịrị, mpaghara nweere onwe ya natara ọkwa nke otu mba n'ime RSFSR.

Dabere n'ụdị enyemaka ahụ, e nwere ike ikewapụta mba ahụ ụzọ abụọ: akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ ya dị na ndagwurugwu Oka-Don, ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, nke ka saa mbara bụ na Volga Upland. Mpaghara okike na - agbanwe site na ugwu-ọdịda anyanwụ ruo na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mpaghara - mpaghara oke ọhịa nke na-ebelata ma na-aghọrọ mpaghara nke oke ọhịa.

Na Mordovia enwere ọtụtụ ebe ọdịnala, akụkọ ihe mere eme na egwuregwu, yana ihe ncheta ebumpụta ụwa pụrụ iche nke ndị ọbịa nke Republic.

A na-ahụ ụlọ ngosi nka, nke dị n'isi obodo Mordovia, bụ ụlọ ọrụ ọdịbendị kacha ochie na ókèala ya. Emepụtara ya na 1918 site na mbọ nke ihe dị ka narị ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme obodo, bụ ndị na-anakọta ihe ngosi maka ya ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Na 2001, ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ghọrọ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nwere uru ọdịbendị kacha ukwuu na Republic. Ka afọ anọ ọzọ gachara, akpọrọ ya aha Ivan Dmitrievich Voronov, onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke kpọrọ akụkọ mpaghara dị ka sayensị nke nweere onwe ya, onye nkatọ na onye edemede.

Lọ ebe a na-edebe ihe ngosi nka nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme, ngalaba nke akụkọ ihe mere eme ọhụụ na ngosipụta na-akọ banyere ụdị mpaghara. Ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ngosipụta karịrị akarị 200 000. N'ime ya ị ga-amata akwụkwọ bara uru, mkpokọta nke mkpụrụ ego, ngwa agha oge ochie, yana ịhụ anụmanụ juru eju na ụdị dị iche iche.

Muselọ ebe a mara mma dị na Saransk.Ọ na-egosiputa ọrụ nchịkọta ụwa kachasị elu site n'aka onye ọdachị ama ama Erzi. Ọzọkwa na ụlọ ihe ngosi nka ị nwere ike ịtụgharị uche n'ọrụ ndị omenkà Sychkov na Makarov. Onu ogugu ato ndia bu ndi mba Mordovia.

Enwere ụlọ ebe a na-edebe ihe ngosi nka n’ebe ị na-agaghị enwe ike ịhụ, kamakwa zụrụ ọrụ ọkacha mmasị na eserese na ihe osise site n’aka ndị dere n’oge a.

Lọ ebe ngosi nka dị na Victory Square na Saransk. Mepee ya na ncheta afọ 50 nke Nnukwu mmeri. Mpaghara ebe ọ dị bụ ihe ncheta. A na-achọkarị slabs ndị dị na facade nke ebe ngosi nka n'ụdị eriri akpa St George, ụlọ ahụ na-edozi ya dị ka kokoshnik nke Russia.

Ebe a na-edebe Lolọ Egwuregwu Locomotive dị na Ruzayevka, nnukwu ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na otu n'ime isi ụlọ ọrụ maka iwu ụgbọ okporo ígwè na Russia. N'ọnụ ụlọ ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie a, ndị agha abụọ nwere egbe, dị ka ọ dị na mmalite nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ. Enyere ndị ọbịa ebe ngosi ihe ohere dị mma iji mụta akụkọ ihe mere eme nke injin Kukushka akụkọ mgbe ochie, nke a na-ahụta dị ka akara nke Ruzayevka, yana banyere ebe ebusa akwụkwọ na ọdụ ụgbọ oloko mpaghara nke mbido narị afọ gara aga.

Ebe nkiri Dramalọ ihe nkiri Mordovian Steeti dị n'isi obodo ahụ. Na mgbakwunye na arụmọrụ klaasị, ebe a ị nwere ike ịhụ ihe mmeghe nke Mordovian playwrights, nke dị n'asụsụ Mordovian (Erzya na Moksha) nwere ntụgharị n'otu oge n'asụsụ Russian. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-agbagharị agbago na mpaghara Republic na mpaghara ndị agbata obi ebe Mordovians bi.

Theaterlọ ihe nkiri ahụ dị kemgbe 1889. Mgbe ahụ, ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Shchepkinsky Theater School haziri ya bụ ndị laghachiri n’obere ala ha, ebe enyere ha ochie ụlọ. Kemgbe 2007, ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ abanyela n'ụlọ ọhụrụ.

Otu n'ime ebe nkiri Saransk bụ ụlọ ihe nkiri egwu. Ọ na-akwado egwu egwu oge gboo, na-egwu egwu, operettas, egwu na-atọ ọchị na arụmọrụ ballet. Emepe ebe ihe nkiri ahụ na 1935. Tupu mmalite nke oge 75, a na-ekenye ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ ụlọ ọhụrụ. Audlọ nzukọ ya malitere ịnabata ihe karịrị mmadụ 700. Dabere na njirimara ya mara mma, ụlọ nzukọ a bụ otu n'ime ihe kachasị mma na Russia. Mgbe ahụ, na 2011, a kpọrọ ya aha onye na-agụ egwú Mordovian I.M. Yausheva.

E wuru katidral a na Saransk na 2006. Onye-isi-nchụ-aja Alexy II doro ya nsọ. A na-ewu Katidral ahụ n'ụdị Alaeze Ukwu, na dome na-eme na ụdị Neo-Byzantine. Templelọ nsọ ahụ ruru mita 62 site na ala ala. O nwere bọọlụ anọ, nke ọ bụla nwere bọọlụ atọ emere na Tutaev na-eji teknụzụ mgbe ochie. Ihe karịrị mmadụ 3,000 nwere ike ịga leta Katidral ahụ n'otu oge.

Theka St. John the Evangelist na Saransk ka e wuru na 1693 na saịtị ebe tupu mgbe ahụ enwere ụlọ ụka ochie.

N’oge ngwụcha afọ iri atọ, ụlọ nsọ emechiri emechi ya. Na 1944, ndị ụka ahụ meghekwara ndị parish ọzọ. Ruo ogologo oge, ọ bụ naanị ụka na-arụ ọrụ n'obodo ahụ. Ebe ọ bụ na 1960, a gụnyere ụlọ nsọ ahụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe owuwu ụlọ nke gọọmenti etiti.

Ebe obibi ndị mọnk ahụ dị na mpaghara Ruzaevsky district n'ime obodo Paygarma. N’afọ 1865, a hụrụ akara ngosi onye nwụrụ n’ihi okwukwe ụka Paraskeva n’obodo ụka dị n’ime ime obodo, ma n’ihe banyere ihe a dị mkpa mere, a kpebiri ikpebi ebe obibi ndị mọnk ebe a, nke a ga-aza ya na saint. Ókèala ebe obibi ndị mọnk ahụ dị banyere 11 ha. Temlọ ya nile, ụlọ ekpere ya na mgbịrịgba mgbịrịgba e wuru n'ụdị ụlọ dị iche iche, mana n'ozuzu ụlọ ụlọ obibi ndị mọnk nwere nkwekọ. Ọtụtụ ndị njem ala nsọ na-achọ ito eto nke mmụọ ma na-achọ ezi ụzọ ha na-eleta ndị mọnk ahụ.

Ebe obibi ndị mọnk Sanaksar dị n’akụkụ obodo Temnikov n’akụkụ Osimiri Moksha, nke mmiri gbara gburugburu. Akụkọ ya malitere na 1659. Shzọ kachasị asọpụrụ nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk ahụ bụ ihe ndebiri nke ndị nsọ Monk Theodore, dike onye ezi omume Theodore (Ushakov), Monk Alexander the Confessor, yana akara ngosi nke Nne nke Chukwu. Ndị njem ala nsọ niile na Russia na-abịa na-emetụ ebe okpukpe ya ofufe.

Nke a bụ nnukwu ọba akwụkwọ mba Mordovia.Ọ malitere ịdị adị na 1899, mgbe, site na njikọta ọnụ nke ndị amamihe nke Saransk, emepụtara ime ụlọ ịgụ ihe. Nleta ya bụ n'efu.

Na mbụ, enwere akwụkwọ pere mpe na ya, mana n'ihi onyinye, ego ya ji nke nta nke nta mụbaa. Na 1939, ebe a na-edobe akwukwo, wee buru ulo iche maka ya. N'afọ 1970, a kpọgara ya n'ụlọ ọhụrụ, ebe ọ ka dị.

N’oge na-adịbeghị anya, agbakwunyere ụlọ nke nwere okpukpu 9, nke nyere ohere ọtụtụ oge ịbawanye ogo nke ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ. N'ime ọtụtụ nkewa ya, enwere ngalaba etinyela aka na ọrụ ndị edemede na Mordovia. Thelọ ọrụ ahụ emeela ka mmekọrịta anyị na ọba akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ nke ndị Finno-Ugric, gụnyere ndị dị na mba ọzọ.

Ebe a na-edebe nri dị n’akụkụ aka nri nke Osimiri Moksha. Ndi ocha nile kpuchiri onu ya dika odi ka ahihia pine di. A na-eme atụmatụ afọ ole osisi fir dị na-eto ebe a Afọ 300-350. E nwekwara ọhịa ndị agwakọtara ebe pine, birches, lindens na oaks na-eto. Na ndagwurugwu osimiri ị nwere ike ịchọta osisi spruce.

Ọdọ Inerka dị na mpaghara etiti Big Berezniki na ndagwurugwu nke Sura Sura. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ọdọ mmiri kachasị mma na nke kachasị ukwuu na Mordovia (kilomita 57). Osimiri kpuchisiri ebe oke osimiri ya.

N'ikpere mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ, ndị njem na-enwe mmasị ịma ụlọikwuu. Enwere ebe dị mma maka ịkụ azụ, na oke ọhịa ị nwere ike ị nweta ahịhịa na tomato. Ọzọkwa, a na-enwe nnọkọ ndị na-anaghị apụ apụ n'akụkụ kwa afọ n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ.

Ogige a dị ịtụnanya dị na Leninsky district nke Saransk. N'ime ogige ị nwere ike ịga ije n'okirikiri ndị mara mma, gafere iyi ndị na-agafe n'ókèala ya, jiri akwa ndị e ji aka mee gbagoro n'osimiri, jiri nwayọ kpuchie ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Ihe osise dike nke akụkọ ifo nke A.S. Pushkin. Ogige ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ebe na-adọrọ mmasị yana nnukwu zoo na mba ahụ. Nke a bụ ebe ezumike kachasị amasị ndị bi na Saransk, ma okenye ma ụmụaka nwere mmasị ileta ya.

Onye akụkọ akụkọ ọdịnala nke mbuso agha ahụ gara Saransk n'isi mmalite nke afọ 1774. Ọ nọrọ nanị ụbọchị ole na ole n'ebe ndị a, nke ọ jisiri ike gbuo ọtụtụ ndị nnọchi anya nke ndị isi na ndị ụkọchukwu na-ekwenyeghị na ya ma bipụta nkọwa banyere nnwere onwe maka ịgba ohu.

Iji na-echeta ihe omume ndị ahụ, e wuru Pugachev ncheta na Saransk. E debekwara ụlọikwuu nke onye ndu agha obodo, nke bụ ụlọ ochie ochie.

Nke a bụ ụlọ egwuregwu kacha ibu na Mordovia, nke na-azụ ndị na-eme egwuregwu n'ọsọ niile n'ọtụtụ egwuregwu. E mepere ụlọ egwuregwu ebe ọ bụ na 2004.

Na Saransk Sports Obí, a na-eme ihe omume egwuregwu site n'obodo ruo n'ọkwa Russia niile. A na-eme asọmpi n'egwuregwu mmiri, ụdị ịgba mgba, ụdị mgbatị ahụ, egwuregwu mgbatị ahụ, basketball na volleyball ebe a.

E mepere oghere a na Saransk n’afọ 2004. Ọ na-akwado asọmpi n’egwuregwu egwuregwu, egwuregwu mmiri, egwuregwu, ọsọ ọsọ na egwuregwu. Complexlọ egwuregwu ahụ gụnyere ebe egwuregwu 4 dị egwu, 2 n'ime ha nwere mkpuchi eke.

Nke a bụ ụlọ egwuregwu ọhụrụ ebe 2018 ga-agba ụfọdụ asọmpi iko ụwa niile. Ọ dị na ndagwurugwu Insar na nso Saransk.

Ya isi facade chere ihu na-eme mkpagharị na etiti obodo. Ọ nwere ike n'otu oge ọzọ na-abịa 44,000 na-ekiri. Lọ egwuregwu ahụ na-enye ngalaba dị iche iche ụzọ maka ndị ọbịa nke ndị ọbịa, mpaghara ezinụlọ na ebe maka ndị nwere nkwarụ.

Katidral nke Holy R xaqa War Theodore Ushakov mepere na Saransk na 2006. Nke Alexy II mara ikpe. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

Ihe mkpuchi Saransk di n’etiti obodo. Ọ na-asọpụta n’akụkụ osimiri Saranka. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

The Mordovian Republican Museum of Fine Arts aha ya bụ S. D. Erzi mepere na Saransk na 1960.nkọwa ndị ọzọ

Ogige nke Omenala na Ezumike akpọrọ aha A.S. Pushkin bụ nnukwu ogige nke Saransk. Mpaghara 40 ha. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

John the Johnas Theological monastery dị na nso obodo Saransk n'ime obodo Makarovka. E hiwere ya n’afọ 1994. Bụ. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

Ebe ncheta ihe agha na ndi agha nke 1941-1945 mepere na Saransk n’afọ 1995. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke ebe ncheta na ogige ahụ. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

E doro ụlọ nsọ nke Kazan Icon nke nne nke Chukwu na Saransk na 2011. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

Ememe ihe ncheta nke Yemelyan Pugachev (onye ndu nke ọgba aghara obodo 1773-1775) na Saransk na 1985. Naanị otu na Russia. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

Muslọ ihe nkiri egwu steeti akpọrọ I.M. Yaushev na Saransk anọwo na-eduzi akụkọ ahụ kemgbe 1935. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

Egwuregwu Mordovia Arena bụ ụlọ egwuregwu bọl na Saransk nke e wuru maka asọmpi World Cup 2018. Ike 45 015 mmadụ. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

Ihe ncheta nke Admiral F.F. Ushakov dị na Saransk na Katidral Square. Arụnyere na 2006. Ọ bụ V.V. Putin gara mmeghe ahụ. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

E wuru Nzukọ ụka nke St. John’s Evangelist na Saransk na 1693. Buildinglọ kacha ochie na Mordovia. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

Ihe ncheta nke ezinụlọ - nnukwu ihe ncheta na Katidral Square nke Saransk. Mepee na 2008. Oge a kara aka n’afọ nke ezinaụlọ. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

E mepere ebe ngosi nka nke Mordovian Folk Culture na Saransk na 1999. Ọ bụ alaka ụlọ ọrụ ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie dị. S. D. Erzy. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

Afọ Millennium Square mepere na Saransk na 2012. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

The Mordovian Republican United Museum of Mpaghara Lore aha ya bụ I. D. Voronin bụ ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie Mordovia dị na Saransk. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

E wuru Theka St. Nicholas the Wonderworker na Saransk n’afọ 1906 n’ụdị ndị Russia-Byzantine. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

Katidral Square pụtara na Saransk na 2006. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

E hiwere Russianlọ ihe nkiri Russianlọ ihe nkiri Russia nke Mordovia na Saransk na 1932. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

Ememe ncheta A.S. Pushkin mepere na Saransk na 2001. nkọwa ndị ọzọ

Katidral nke Holy ezi onye agha Fedor Ushakov

Katidral nke Holy R ezi Warrior Fedor Ushakov dị na etiti Saransk. Onye Katidral ya dị nsọ site n'aka Onye Isi Ala dị nsọ nke Moscow na ndị Russia niile Alexy II na August 6,2006. Accommodlọ nsọ ahụ dị ihe dị ka puku mmadụ atọ, ịdị elu nke ụlọ nsọ 73 mita, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị kachasị elu na mpaghara Volga. N'elu ya na ije ya, o yiri Katidral Kraist Onye Nzọpụta na Moscow. Dịka nke ikpeazụ, Katidral Feodorovsky nwere ụlọ nsọ abụọ: nke mgbago elu nwere undlọ Atụrụ atọ na nke ala (ismka Baptism), e nwekwara ebe nleba anya, ịdị elu ya karịrị mita iri atọ. A na-edobe ebe ịchụ-aja nke ụka dị elu nsọpụrụ maka ncheta nke Holy R xaqa War Theodore Ushakov, wara wara nke abụọ - iji kwanyere ndị nwụrụ anwụ nwụrụ anwụ ọhụrụ Mordovian, nke atọ - nsọpụrụ nke Seraphim nke Sarov. Rector bụ Archbishop nke Saransk na Mordovia Barsanuphius. Ọzọkwa na katidral ọhụrụ bụ: klaasị kọmpụta, ụlọ ọgbakọ, ụlọ akwụkwọ Sọnde, ụlọ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Mordovian Republican Museum of Fine Arts kpọrọ aha S. D. Erzi

The Mordovian Republican Museum of Fine Arts nke akpọrọ aha S. D. Erzi abụghị naanị nnukwu ebe ọdịnala nke Republic, kamakwa ọ bụ otu n'ime ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ama ama nke mpaghara Volga, akụ nke mba Mordovia. Collectionlọ ebe a na-edebe ihe mgbe ochie nwere ihe karịrị puku iri na anọ, ndị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri gosipụtara n'ụlọ nzukọ ya. Ndabere ya na akụkụ bụ isi nke ihe nchịkọta bụ ọrụ nke ọgụgụ isi abụọ nke mpaghara Mordovian - S. D. Erzy na F. V. Sychkov.
Nchịkọta nka nka nke Russia bu ihe ruru narị ise.
Otu ebe pụrụ iche bụ ọrụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ mmụta nke okike I.K. Makarov (1822-1897), onye ndụ ya na mpaghara Mordovian nwere.
A na-egosiputa ihe atụ kachasị mma nke ihe ịchọ mma na itinye ihe n'ọrụ Mordovia na ngalaba pụrụ iche. N'ebe a, ị nwere ike ịhụ uwe ndị Mordovian mara mma dị egwu, ọla, arịa ụlọ. A na-anọchi anya iko iko na poselin.

Ọmụmụ banyere ebe obibi ndị mọnk Sanaksar Virgin

E guzobere ebe obibi ndị mọnk na 1659 ma na mbido narị afọ XIX ghọrọ nnukwu ebe obibi ndị mọnkị. Taa, a ga-enwe panorama site n'obodo Temnikov na Osimiri Moksha, n'akụkụ mmiri nke enwere ebe obibi ndị mọnk. Entrancezọ mbata bụ ụka nke 52.5 (1776). Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ oghere dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụlọ nke nwere silhouette dị ọcha na etiti - katidral nwere nnukwu ụlọ.
Nchịkọta nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk Sanaksar bụ otu n'ime nnukwu ihe ncheta obodo echekwara echekwara na ọkara nke abụọ nke 18 - mmalite narị afọ nke 19, ihe owuwu Baroque nke bara ezigbo uru maka nka. Shlọ arụsị nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk bụ ngwụcha nke ndị nsọ Theodore, onye ezi omume Theodore (Ushakov), Rev. Alexander the Confessor.

Mordovian State Nature Reserve aha ya bụ P. G. Smidovich

N'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Republic ahụ, na mpaghara Temnikovsky, Mordovian State Reserve akpọrọ aha ya P.G.Smidovich. Emepụtara ndoputa ahụ na 1935. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ala niile kpuchie ya na oke ọhịa, nke ọkara n'ime ha bụ paini. N'ebe akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ na ọwụwa anyanwụ, a na-enwekwa ọhịa birch, na etiti - ọhịa linden. N'ime oke ide mmiri Moksha, osisi oak mgbe ọ dị afọ 140-150 ka etolite; mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ahụkarị ndị dike karịrị narị afọ atọ. N’etiti ụdị osisi na-adịghị ahụkebe na idobere, enwere ezigbo ahịhịa iyi venus, isi pollen na-acha ọbara ọbara, ịtụgharị nke ọnwa, nke na-ahụghị ebe ọ bụla ọzọ na Mordovia. A webatara ụmụ anụmanụ dị 6 n'ime ihe nchekwa: beaver, bea Russia, mgbada ọla kọbọ, mgbada Askbian, deer Sierian na bison. N’akụkụ ebe enwere nnụnụ edepụtara na Red Book of Russia, gụnyere Saker Falcon, Golden Eagle, Black Stork na ndị ọzọ.

John the Theology of the Makarov monastery

St. John the thelogilogian Makarov monastery bụ ebe obibi ndị mọnk nwoke nke Ọtọdọks nke dị na Mordovia, n'obodo Makarovka, nke dị naanị kilomita ise site n'obodo Saransk. Ihe owuwu pụrụ iche nke St John the theology of the monastery dị na mpaghara Makarovsky Pogost. Katidral St. John the theology nke Katidral nwere ndepụta zuru oke nke ngosipụta ọrụ ebube nke nne nke Chukwu “Chalice Apụghị Iche” nke na-agwọ ndị ọrịa ọgwụ riri ahụ na ị alcoụbiga mmanya oke. N'ala Makarovsky Pogost enwere uzo abụọ dị ebube.

Njikọ na ihe atụ ebudatara

Ihe omuma ihe omuma nke ihe omuma nke nyocha nke mba Mordovian State University

430005, Russian Federation, Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, ul. Bolshevik, 68
Ekwentị: 8 (8342) 24-37-32

Ndewo. Aha m bụ Julia. Anọwo m na-arụ ọrụ azụmahịa na-erughị afọ 9. Ekwere m na abụ m ọkachamara n’ọhịa m ma chọọ inyere ndị ọbịa niile nọ na saịtị ahụ aka idozi nsogbu dị iche iche. A na-anakọta ma jiri nlezianya hazie data niile maka saịtị ahụ iji wee nwee ike ibuga n'ụdị dabara adaba ozi niile dị mkpa. Agbanyeghị, iji tinye ihe niile akọwapụtara na saịtị ahụ, ịtụle ndị ọkachamara dị mkpa.

[edit] Geology

Ejikọtara mbara ala mpaghara nke Republic of Mordovia na ọnọdụ ya n'ime ikpo okwu Russia nke dị n'elu akwara Tokmovsky. Akụkụ elu nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ bụ usoro a na-agbatị. Ọ dabere na okpuru ulo kristal, nke gụnyere Archean gneisses, amphibolites, migmatites, granites, na kristal Lower Proterozoic. shales - biotite, quartz, pọmigranet, wdg. Nkume Foundation na Mordovia eruteghị elu (n'okpuru ala). Nkume kachasị ochie nke ihe mkpuchi ahụ bụ Upper Proterozoic. Emebere ego nke oge a naanị na Ryazan-Saratov trough (RP Zubova Polyana). Ha gụnyere okwute sststones, okwute ala, obere okwute, okwute na dolomites.

Nkwado Paleozoic.Devon - intercalation nke clays, ájá, na siltstones (Ochie Oskol nke mbara ala Zhivsky, ọkpụrụkpụ 90-180 m), mbara nke siltstones na 6 limestone horizons (akwa French, ọkpụrụkpụ 450 m), dolomites (Familia oyi akwa, ọkpụrụkpụ 150 m) juru ebe nile. Obere okwute na okwute dicha ala dicha n’elu (tiers: njegharị, njegharị, namur, okpo 45). Ha nwere nkume okwute nke Carboniferous (Bashkir na Moscow tiers): clays-brown clays, marls, sandstones na sands, limestones na dolomites nwere oke ọkpụrụkpụ ruru 154 m. A na-ahụkarị na elu. Nkume Carboniferous dị elu na dolomites (tiers Gzhel na Orenburg). Ike ha na s. Sivin bụ 40-45 m, na nso ókèala ya na mpaghara Nizhny Novgorod, 100-110, na Ryazan-Saratov trough 250-320 m. N'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Republic ahụ, ha rutere n'elu ala na ala Urkat, Moksha, Satis, Sivini. Dolomites, clays, siltstones, anhydrab nke oge Permian (Assel, Sakmara na Kazan) ka amara na ugwu: na ndagwurugwu nke etiti Satis, mgbago elu Alatyr na elu aka nri nke etiti ahụ rute Urkat, nke nwere ogo 30-60 m. Nkwenye nke otu Mesozoic (oge, cm Nkwụnye ego Mesozoic, nkwanye Cretaceous) gụnyere usoro Triassic, Jurassic na Cretaceous (oge). Achọtaghị nkume ndị tara akpụ na Mordovia. Achọpụtara usoro nke Jurassic na 20-30% nke mpaghara ahụ. Ndị a bụ clays, sands, marls, siltstones, phosphate rock nodules, oil shale lenses - Bajo, Bati, Kelovo, Oxford-Kimmeridge, Volga, nwere ọkpụrụkpụ nke 50-80 m. Ihe nkwanye ugwu na-erute elu na mpaghara niile nke Republic of Moldova ma na-anọchi anya akụkụ zuru ezu (ihe niile tiers). Ihe mejupụtara nke Cretaceous Lower (site na ala ruo n'elu): phosphorite conglomerate, greenish-gray and black layered clays, loams, glauconite na quartz sands, marls, sandstones, ọkpụrụkpụ ọkpụrụkpụ ruo 175 m. Cretaceous na interlayers nke marls, ọkpụrụkpụ ruo 90 m. Cenozoic sed sed (Paleogene, Neogene na Quaternary) dina elu. Ngwakọta nke Paleogene (site na ala ruo n'elu): flask nwere oghere nke diatomites na tripoli, glauconite na sandz nke etinyere na ya, site na sandstones, ihe ruru 90 m, bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị na ndịda, ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ. A hụrụ ala Neogene na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ: aja aja na agba aja aja (Miocene, Lamkinskaya suite), ụrọ mmanụ (Miocene, Gorelkinskaya suite), quartz ájá na ụrọ (Pliocene, Krivoborsk suite), mkpokọta 32-370 m. A na-etolite etolite etolite etolite, ọkachasị na ndagwurugwu osimiri. Enwere mpaghara abụọ - glacial (ọdịda anyanwụ) na extra-glacial (n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ). Site na afọ, ha bụ oge ochie, etiti, elu Quaternary na nke oge a, site na usoro (sitere) - ihe ndị dị mgbagwoju anya: glacial, moraine, water-glacial, lake-alluvial, alluvial, eluvial-deluvial, loams Cover, lake-marsh and swamp formations. Ntinye ego nke peat, akụrụngwa maka ihe eji arụ ụlọ, wdg jikọtara ya na nkwanye ego Cenozoic.

Tectonics A na-ekpebi ala nke ala Republic of Moldova site na ọnọdụ ya fọrọ nke nta na etiti ikpo okwu Russia, nke nwere ala abụọ: nke dị ala bụ ntọala kristal, nke dị n'elu bụ mkpuchi okpuru ala. Enweghị data dị omimi banyere ntọala ahụ n’onwe ya n’ihi nnukwu omimi nke ihe mere - 800-3000 m, mana amụrụla nnwere onwe ya. 85% nke ala Mordovia dị n'elu Tokmov Arch, n'ime Volga-Kama Anteclise. Ntọala ahụ mejupụtara na nkume dị iche iche metamorphic na igneous rock (gneisses, schist crystalline, amphibolites, migmatites, wdg). Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ nke Geophysical kpughere mgbidi dị warara na enyemaka nke okpuru ulo ahụ, nke na-egosi ọnụnọ nke mmebi vetikal n'ihi nke ngagharị ngagharị. Na oge Paleozoic (Devonian, Carboniferous), okpuru ala dị n'okpuru ala. N'ala Mordovia, ndị na-anọchi anya mpaghara dochie anya usoro mmiri ugboro atọ.Ihe owuwu ahụ mebiri emebi na enyemaka a na-ahụ maka ntọala ahụ kpebiri na oke na okwute okwute Paleozoic na-agakọ n'oké Osimiri Devonian-Carbon. Njirimara ha bu ihe eji edozi ura di nkpa (ma obu nke nta nke nta). Ihe owuwu nke Devonian na Carboniferous nwere ihe jikọrọ ya na ahụike nke ala Dodevonian na nkwalite ugwu Permian-Triassic. N'ime Osimiri Middle Devonian na-apụta, a na-agbadata sọlfọ dị n'okpuru ike nke okpuru ulo ahụ, ala a kpuchiri elu ya. Na oge Carboniferous, akwa gbara agba (ihe dị ka 800 m) nke okwute carbonate na-akwakọba ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ókèala niile. Mana elu na mgbago nke ntọala ahụ ka emere ka ọ pụta ogologo oge na nkesa oke. Yabụ, usoro ndị a na-esote na-achọ obere akụkụ site na njiko gaa n'akụkụ nke mbepụ. Ntughari nke protrusions na deflections na-aga n’ihu dị iche iche ma jiri akara dị iche iche: ụfọdụ bilitere, ndị ọzọ daa. Ọpụpụ n’elu ala okwute Carboniferous dị na bekee Urkat bụụrụ ihe atụ nke ịrị elu. Na mbido oge Mesozoic, n'oge Triassic (60 Ma), ókèala Mordovia bụ ala. Na Jurassic na Cretaceous, ọchịchị mmiri meriri site na nchịkọta nke obere ihe dị egwu (clays, sands, siltstones, wdg). Na Cenozoic, otu n'ime akụkụ mpịachi nke Alpine pụtara, n'ihi nke mpaghara ahụ malitere ịrị elu ma jiri ala dochie oke osimiri ahụ. Ebilibeghi nke ọma, nke gosipụtara na enyemaka mpụga: mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke Republic ahụ bụ ala dị larịị (ọ dịghị ihe karịrị 200 m karịa oke osimiri), ndịda Volga Upland (ruru 320 m) batara n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ.

N'ime mkpọchi Tokmov, n'oge mbara ala dị iche iche (site na Devonian ruo Neogene) na ebe dị iche iche na mkpocha ụlọ, usoro tectonic nwere nha na ịdị mgbagwoju anya (nkụda mmụọ, ọgba aghara, oke mmiri, “imi”, mgbanwe, na ọgba aghara ndị ọzọ). Na mpaghara Zubovo-Polyansky na n'ókè ọdịda anyanwụ nke mpaghara Atyuryevsky na Tengushevsky, mpaghara Tokmovsky gafere na mpaghara Ryazan-Saratov, na ọdịda anyanwụ - ebe a na-akpọ Vadsky, na mgbago mgbago site na ya - ọdụ Oksko-Tsninsky, nke Zubovo-Polyans dochiri ndịda-ọdịda anyanwụ onyinye dị iche iche nke Novovyselkovsky warara akụkụ mmiri, ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ha, na mpaghara ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ, oke ọkụ Muromo-Lomovsky na-ekewapụ, na-ekewapụ akwara Oksko-Tsninsky na ọdụ Tokmovsky na Alatyrsky shaft (na-agbago elu), n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo Ulyanovsk-Saratov p. Skirting n'akụkụ flexure Insar, si n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Penza region ndinyanade mbịne Sursko Moksha-n'omume, gbagwojuru anya site InSAR Trinity na Kochelaevskim elevations iche Insar sadulu. Ihe tectonic nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Mordovia bụ ihe ngosipụta nke monoclinic nke nke n'ígwé site na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ ruo na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, ihe mgbagwoju anya site na ihe ndị dị mma na ndị na-adịghị mma: Permian-Pushkin na-agbago (nke na-agbadata na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ - 23, ọwụwa anyanwụ - 8 m kwa 1 km), Nui trough (na-agbada ala). akwa 87 m kwa 22 km), Atminsky na-ebili, nke edoziri site na nnukwu ọkwá (+150 m) nke siltstone marl, depụtara nnukwu mmiri Hvorostovsky site na north. N'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Mordovia dị: Kochelayevsky na-agbago 10-11 obosara, 19-20 km ogologo, 30 m dị elu, ụkpụrụ nhazi na nso obodo. Kochkurovo na Podlesnaya Tavla, Kochkurovsky district, mpaghara gosipụtara si s. Kosogory Bolshebereznikovsky nke RM ruo obodo. Mee Day na osimiri. Amachara (mpaghara Ulyanovsk), n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke ya ka ezighi ezi nka ihu, nke mmiri na-asọ. Nerlake. Onye nyocha R R Kochelaevsky. Ihe owuwu a bu nke etolite dika ana - emeghari dika omimi nke ndi Mesozoic. Alpine na mgbanwe mechara, mmetụta ikuku emetụtapụtara enyemaka nke oge a, nke naanị ketara Mesozoic ozugbo. Ntughari Tectonic na ókèala Republic of Moldova na-aga n'ihu n'oge a.Yabụ, ụdị nke Volga Upland were ọnọdụ Ulyanovsk-Saratov Turt, larịị nke etolitela n’elu ihe kachasị elu nke Sur-Mokshan. Dabere na atlas nke ala (1964), n'ihi ngagharị nke tectonic na afọ 1.5 gara aga, Mordovia dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ bilitere site na 300, etiti - 200, ọdịda anyanwụ - 100 m.

[edit] mineral

N'ime otu isi anọ (mmiri ala, ore, ihe na-adịghị mma, na ihe ndị na-emebi emebi), oke mmiri nke Mordovia nwere nonmetallic, nke a na-ejikarị na-ewu ya, yana mmiri mmiri (ala mmiri na artesian). Mmalite ha sitere na nkume okị nke dịkarịsịrị Quaternary, Mesozoic na Upper Carboniferous (Mesozoic, Upper Paleozoic sediments). Achọpụtala nkwanye ego 120 nke ihe eji eme ihe: ejiri ụdị clays 5, loams, sands, chalk, marl, flask, tripoli (diatomite), wdg 42 na-etinye nkwanye clays, loams na londy loams maka imepụta brik na taịl nile (a na-ahụkarị) ihe dị ka nde 50 m 3). Nke kachasị n'ime ha bụ Levzhenskoye (nde 4.9 m 3) na Ruzaevsky district, Romodanovsky (4.3), Kergudsky (3.9) na mpaghara Ichalkovsky, Saranskoye (3.8), Severo-Reshetinsky (nde 3.6 m 3) na mpaghara Torbeevsky. Na mgbakwunye na ha, achọpụtara ụrọ 15 dị (atụmatụ echekwara ruru ihe dị ka nde 132 m 3). Site na akụrụngwa mpaghara mepụtara brick akara 75-125. Choputara nkwụnye ego 8 (nde 12.5 m 3) nke ụrọ na loam maka mmepụta nke ngwaahịa ụrọ gbasaa. Nchekwa saịtị 6 ndị ọzọ na-atụ anya maka 26 nde m 3. Enwekwara clays reflays (nkwanye Shishkeevsky na mpaghara Ruzaevsky, 403 puku m 3). Ala ndị Cretaceous dị ala maka ihe dị n'ime, ihe silicate, ihe owuwu, plasta na ebe a na-akpụzi ala bụ ebe a na-awa: Voevodskoye-1, Voevodskoye-2 - na Kochkurovsky, Kichatovskoye, Kochelaevskoye, Parapinskoye - Kovylkinskoye, Usklyayskoye - Yavya Yavan Mpaghara na ndị ọzọ (ọnụọgụ abụọ karịrị 50 nde m 3). Ebe nchekwa nke saịtị asatọ ọzọ ga-aga n'ihu na Bolshebereznikovsky, Elnikovsky, Insarsky, Ruzaevsky na Temnikovsky karịrị nde 100 m 3. Na 1961, achọtara Reshetinsky nke sands iko, dị mkpa maka mmepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ. Amụma amụma nke 2.3 nde m 3. Achọpụtala ngwakọta ngwakọta ájá ájá (okwute staroyamskoe, atụmatụ echekwa 0.8 nde m 3). Iwu okwute (dolomite, okwute ala) nke Oke Carboniferous di elu n’akuku oke Urkat n’ogbe Yelnikovsky: nkwanye Budaevskoye, ihe nwere nde 12.7 nde m 3. Achọpụtara saịtị ise nke sandstones (4.4 nde m 3) na Atyashevsky, Dubensky, Ichalkovsky. Otu n'ime akụ na ụba nke Republic of Moldova bụ akụrụngwa maka mmepụta ciment. Ihe ndozi nke oke marl-Cretaceous nke Oke Cretaceous Age na flask (dika 357.6 na nde 156.2 m 3) gunyere na ntinye aka nke Alekseevsky nke ihe eji aru ciment. Ngwaahịa nke LATO OJSC bụ nke ama ama ama ama karịa obodo. Ihe nkwụnye ego Atemar bara ụba na chalk maka imepụta lime (egosiri ike nke 6.1, buru amụma - nde 9,2, lee Atemar chalk) na diatomite (Tripoli, lee nkwụnye Atemar diatomite, nkume nke siliceous). N'etiti mineral ndị ọzọ - phosphorites, iron iron, shale oil, peat, ngwaọrụ maka mmanụ teepu, gypsum, oji ojii, wdg. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi ọdịnaya dị ala, nke ahụ pụtara. omimi na obere ulo oru mmepe nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha abaghị uru. Na mba Republic of Moldova enwere nnukwu ebe nchekwa mmiri. Mmiri ahụ akpụkọ-akpụkọ, nrụgide (ọnụ ahịa ọnụ ahịa 21–217 m). Enyere ndị bi na Saransk na mpaghara mpaghara mmiri artesian site na dolomites na limestones nke oge Paleozoic. Ndị bi n’ime ime obodo na-ejikwa mmiri mmiri. Dabere na omimi, omimi nke mmiri na-abawanye: mpaghara dị elu dị ọhụrụ, etiti dị n’etiti, ma ebe miri emi bụ brines (lee mmiri nke mmiri).

[edit] Ọnọdụ hydrageological

RM di na isina ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ akụkụ nke bass Volga-Sur art, oke ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ. akụkụ na-ezo aka na Volga-Khopersky artesian bass. Na nhazi hydrogeological. Ihe owuwu a di iche na aquifers 3. Nke mbu jikọtara ya na Meso-Cenozoic ájá na ájá ụrọ, nke nwere mmiri pores-stratal na-enweghị nrụgide na nke dị ala. netwok. Na ọkpụrụkpụ na-guzobere oge. mmiri calcium bicarbonate dị ọhụrụ, tụgharịrị nke a na-arụ n'ihi oke mmiri. Ihe nke abuo gunyere carbonate nke ihe omumu Paleozoic nwere nsogbu di ala ma obara mgbagha tipuru miri mmiri. Nnukwu hypsometric. Ọnọdụ elu carbonate nkume (oke elele 110-210 m), oke nke nnukwu ihe dị na ngalaba nke oke idobere akụ na ụba na-enye aka na nnabata oke nke oke mmiri na oke mmiri. Nke ato ka emeputara na uzo miri emi nke silsized-carbonate nke omumu nke Devonian na Lower Carboniferous. Ihe eji amata mmiri dị n'ime ala bụ oke mgbali, mgbanye mmiri na-akwụsịlata.

N'ime usoro ihe omimi nke mmiri Cenozoic, mmiri kacha dị oke mma: ud. ọfụma na-asọpụta site na narị narị nke lita na 2 l / s. A na-achịkwa mmiri site na calcium-magnesium bicarbonate na magnesium-calcium sulfate-bicarbonate, yana salinity nke 0.17-0.58 g / dm 3, yana ngụkọta nke 2-6 mol / m 3. N'ime mmiri dị n'okpuru ala, ọdịnaya nke chlorides, nchịkọta nwere nitrogen, sodium na-abụkarị karịa ụkpụrụ, mineralization na-abawanye 1.5 g / dm 3 ma ọ bụ karịa. Ejiri ya na DOS. onu ogugu ndi obodo. mkpa

Aquifers nke Mesozoic sed sedes. A na-ekesa ihe owuwu nke Cretaceous dị na ndịda. na akuku ọwụwa anyanwụ. akụkụ nke Republic. Nkume ndị nwere mmiri bụ okwute, nzu, na okwute. Mmiri di omimi. 3-52 m na ndị ọzọ. Ntughari mmiri di iche, ihe nzacha nzukota bu 0.37-7.43 m / ubochi Ọgba mmiri na-asọ asọ dị 3.45 l / s. Mmiri dị mma bnesarbonate magnesium-calcium, nke nwere nnu dị 0.3-0.4 g / dm 3, yana ngụkọta nke 1.4-6.4 mol / m 3. Ndị obodo ji eme ihe maka mkpa ụlọ na mmanya. Mmiri dị na aja dị n'okpuru ala. nzu, elu. na cf. Jurassic, - ala na interstratal, na isi. bicarbonate ma ọ bụ sulphate-bicarbonate sodium-calcium-magnesium, mineralization 0.2-0.8 g / dm 3, mkpokọta isi ike ruo 9 mol / m 3, omimi ihe omume nke 4-40 m, ịnweta mmiri na-adịghị ike, gbagwojuru anya. ọnụọgụ nke 0.005-0.25 l / s. A na-eji ebe mmiri na-asọ asọ ma na-asọba n'okporo mmiri aquifer, yana mmiri nke mmiri na-asọba n'okpuru. N'ihi ntakịrị mmiri na - emegharị x-ị.

Paleozoic aquifer bu ebe buru ibu, nke nwere okwute na dolomites; ihe ruru 400 m. Aquifers na-eme omimi. ihe ruru 300 m. Mmiri ndị dị na mpaghara nke ihe eji eme ihe eji arụ ọrụ abụghị nrụgide, na nmikpu nke ụlọ nke oke mmiri nwere nnukwu mmiri. Ogo dị na nrụgide ahụ bụ 180-230 m. Nnweta mmiri dị elu, cf. gbagwojuru anya ọnụego nke ọma site na 1.6-12.5 ruo 5.76-34.25 l / s. Mmiri nke ogige ndị ahụ dị ọhụrụ isi mmiri nke juputara na mmiri. Ọrụ dị ike erigbu elu nke 100-200 m. ihe eji eme mmiri Mpaghara n'ime ihe owuwu ya na ihe na - emighị emi nke ụlọ elu nke carbonate stratum, hydrocarbonate calcium, mineralization 0.2-0.5 g / dm 3, mkpokọta isi ike 4-6.2 mol / m 3. Dika elu-ulo nārida n’Ọwuwa-anyanwu. uzo mmiri ghọrọ sulfate-bicarbonate sodium-magnesium-calcium. N’etiti ndagwurugwu Insara agwakọtara. mmiri, ya na salinity nke 0.8-1 g / dm 3, yana ngụkọta nke 9-11 mol / m 3. Ka V na S.-V. Republic nke mmiri dị n'okpuru ala bụ sulfate-chloride na magnesium-slorum chloride-sulfate, nwere salinity nke ruru 2.5 g / dm 3, na mkpokọta isi ike ruru 28.2 mol / m 3.

Ebe nchekwa carbon-Devonian nke mmiri na-adịghị ike na-adị ebe niile. Litologich. Ihe eji amata akụkụ ya dị ka ájá, nkume siltstones na interlayer clays, marls, na shales. Ike gbagwojuru 584-601 m. 233–901 m. Isi mmiri ruru 380 m.Nnukwu omimi nke aquifers na-eme ka mmiri na-asọ oyi. Ngagharị nke mmiri dị ala, beats. mmụba nke ọma 0.04 l / s. A ga - eji mmiri dị nro nke 45.2-173 g / dm 3 mee ihe, klorine nke calcium-sodium nwere bromine (0.8 g / dm 3), ayodiin (2,4), iji gwọọ ọrịa nke akwara ozi na akwara . ngwa. Ebe nchekwa mmiri nke Devonian na-enweghị ike dị na mpaghara ahụ niile. Republic, na-ekpuchi nkume kristal. ntọala. A na-anọchite anya ya site na mudstones, siltstones, sands na sandstones. 128-135 m omimi omume nke nkume 500–774 m. Mmiri mgbali elu. Igwe mmiri adịghị ike, na-eti. Ihe eji amuta ihe oma bu ihe ruru otu puku ato n’ime sekọnd. Mmiri nke dị na nnukwu omimi na-adịkarị mfe ịmegharị na metamorphism, sodium chloride, yana mineralization nke 217.8-232.6 g / dm 3, nwere bromine (6.4 g / dm 3), enwere ike iji kemịkal. ụlọ ọrụ.

[edit] Enyemaka

Ọtụtụ Volgo of Moldova bụ ebe mgbago ugwu Volga dị na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ, Oka-Don Lowland. Na nhazi ha, ụdị atọ dị larịị bụ iche: ero-denudats., Moraine nke abụọ na mmiri. Ezumike-agọnarị. dị na ndịda. na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ. akụkụ nke Mordovia. Maxim. elu 280-320 m (ihe ruru 337 m na mpaghara Chamzinsky), min. - 89 m (na ide mmiri nke Sura na mpaghara Dubyon). Usoro mbuze bụ njiri mara nke ala ahụ. Omimi mbuze gbachapụrụ agbacha na 120 m. Njupụta nke nzere linear dị na ngalaba ahụ. ngalaba gafere 1 km / km 2. A na-ekesa mbara ahụ site na hydrographic mepụtara. netwọ - osimiri Bolshaya Ksha, Malaya Ksha, Shtyrma, Lasha, Cheberchinka, Issa. Ndagwurugwu ahụ enweghị atụ. Ngwa slopes. na ndịda. Ngbanye ugwu dị warara, ọwụwa anyanwụ. na-agha mkpụrụ. --Ology. Na ndagwurugwu nke obere osimiri enwere mkpokọ, mbuze na mbara ala. N'akụkụ aka nri nke ndagwurugwu Sura ahụ dị warara, n'ebe ụfọdụ dị warara, aka ekpe dịkwa nwayọọ. N’elu mmiri. ájá ájá na dunes nwere ogologo 500-700, alt. ka 15 m, to-ry dị n'okpuru submeridially, a na-ekewapụ mkpọtụ ahụ. lows, mebie. olulu. N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na ebe ugwu site na ahịrị Kochkurovo - Chamzinka - Atyashevo ledge dị elu. odika 80 m ero-denudats. ndagwurugwu ahu gafere na moraine nke abụọ. Maxim. ịdị elu ya, njirimara maka osimiri mmiri etiti. na ngwa. Mordovia, 270-280 m. Oghere ndị na-ekewapụta bụ oghere dị larịị, obosara. Mpempe 2-3. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Insar bụ ebe ndị ọzọ ana-akpọ ugwu (Piksyasi, Kamenka, Piterka, wdg). Na bass. Vada na Sivini, Moksha-Alatyr interfluve, n’akụkụ aka ekpe nke Alatyr, enwere nwayọ nwayọ nke mmiri na-adọrọ adọrọ. Achịcha mmiri nke gla glaasi mmiri (ọkachasị ájá). Elu zuru oke 150-180 m. A na-ahụ ya site na nnukwu mmiri - 8-10km, akụkụ dị nro ma dị nro. A na-enwekarị mmiri dị n'okirikiri mmiri site na duns, mmiri na-egbu egbu, na ngbanye Moksha na Alatyr site na mmụọ dị njọ, na-abụkarị iwe. Ndagwurugwu kachasị ukwuu bụ etiti. na ngwa. Mordovia - Mokshanskaya (lat. Na saịtị dị iche ruru 15 km) na Alatyrskaya. Ogwe aka nri ha dị warara ma dịkwa elu. Ewezuga bụ ndagwurugwu ahụ Moksha na-enwe ugbu a, nke nwere nzube. gburugburu asymmetry n'aka ekpe. N’ebe ndagwurugwu ahụ, e nwere idei mmiri na idei mmiri atọ. mbara ala.

[edit] Ihu Igwe

Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke Republic of Moldova na-ekpebi maka ọdịdị ala ya. okwa di nwuru. eriri etiti Rus. ala, na-eduga n'ụzọ doro anya ogo nke oge nke afọ. Anyanwụ nke anyanwụ dị ka otu n'ime ihe bụ isi. -me ihe maka ihu igwe na-abawanye site na 5 na Dec. ruo 58 kJ / cm 2 na June. Radaats. itule 92 kJ / cm 2. Oge anwụ ga na-adị kwa afọ dị ihe dị ka. 1 850 ikp, Dec - Jan - 35–45, June - Julaị - 280 – 290 nke awa. Okpomoku nke onwa n’aho (onwa mbu) bu 11.5-12.3 Celsius, ma di oku karia (Julai) bu 18.9-19.8 Celsius. Ikpeazụ mmiri frosts, dabere na odida obodo, ime na May 4-16, akpa ụbịa frosts - September 18-20. N'elu ala, ntu oyi na-akwụsị na Mee 17 - June 5, na-egosipụtakarị n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ n'ime afọ nke abụọ nke Septemba. Oge ntu oyi ahụ na-eru ụbọchị 149. Oge ahihia (nkezi nke kwa ubochi kariri 5 Celsius) bu ubochi 178, uko nke na adi ihe kariri 10 Celsius 143. DOSKpụrụ ihu igwe na-etolite Arctic. ikuku, ikuku nwụrụ. latitudes na ogbe. Ihu ikuku dị ebe niile nwụrụ. latitudes - kọntinent na mmiri. Mmiri nwere nnukwu mmiri mmiri, n'oge oyi, ha na-ebute thaws, na ọkọchị - ihu igwe dị mma. A na-amata ọdịiche dị na ala na ọkọchị, na oge oyi na-eweta nju oyi. Mwakpo nke Arctic. ikuku na-ebute oke okpomoku na mmiri, na oge mmiri, nlọghachi nke oyi yana ntu oyi jikọtara ya. Akpukpo mmiri na mmiri na-abatakarị. ikuku. Na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ifufe n'oge opupu ihe ubi na oge ọkọchị bụ ọkọchị. Ogologo ikuku na-agba kwa afọ bụ 3.3-4.8 m / s. Ogologo mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ bụ 480 mm, ebe ha na-abaghị uru. ibelata site na S.-Z. na ndịda-ọwụwa anyanwụ Ọdịda nke oge dị ọkụ (Eprel - Ọktọba) kachasị - 70%. Ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị ukwuu dara na July - ihe ruru. 65 mm, min. na feb. - 15-30 mm. A chọpụtara nke kasị nta n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na August. 1972 - ihe ruru. 2 mm. N'ime ahịhịa. oge dabara na cf. 300-360 mm, oge 1 n’ime afọ 10 - erughị 155 mm. Akpa snow na DOS. eme na con. Ọkt, mana ọghọm maka izu 2-3 ga-ekwe omume. Ihe mkpuchi nke snow na-adigide. akụkụ nke Republic ahụ guzobere n'ime afọ iri ikpeazụ nke November. N’ubi ya elu 25 cm, n'ime oke ọhịa 40-70 cm. Ọ na-adịgide ụbọchị 140-150. A na - echekwa mmiri tupu agbazeze snow. 60-120 mm. Snoo na-ada na Eprel 8–13. Ogologo oge ikpopu mmiri n’elu mmiri bụ 390-460 mm. Omimi Nkpuru ahihia nke ala bu 60-120 cm, na oyi na udu mmiri na - acha aja aja - 120-150 cm. N’etiti ajọ ọnọdụ ihu igwe. ihe ịtụnanya nke ice (ụbọchị 10-15), oke ikuku, udu mmiri. Nkwọ snow na-abụkarị na Jenụwarị. - feb. Ifufe na-adịghị ike na-adị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kwa afọ, siri ike na ọdịda anyanwụ. Mordovia - ugboro isii na isii n’ime afọ iri, n’ọwụwa anyanwụ. - 6-7, ajọ ifufe kpọrọ nkụ n’ebe niile - 1-2 ugboro n’ime afọ iri.

[edit] Osimiri

Republic nke Mordovia nwere osimiri 1,525, ogologo ha zuru oke karịa 9 puku kilomita, 86% n'ime ha erughị ogologo 10 km. Ihe dị ka 9% nke osimiri bụ 10-25km ogologo. 47% nke obodo Republic of Moldova bụ ndị nwere mpaghara Sura, 53% - nke Moksha. Osimiri mmiri Moksha, na-aga n'okirikiri Oka-Don, na ọnọdụ nke ndagwurugwu ndagwurugwu buru ibu na ndagwurugwu ide mmiri na-eto nke ọma. A na-egosipụta osimiri osimiri Sura (Volga Upland) site na nzere na-arụ ọrụ na oke oke mmiri. N'oge ọkọchị, ha adịghị omimi na obere iyi, na mmiri ha na-awụ ike. Guzobe mbuze netha nke Moksha malitere na mbido nke Oke Cretaceous, Sura bein - na njedebe nke Paleogene.

Don Glaciation metụtara ntọala ikuku mmiri nke ọtụtụ Republic of Moldova, mgbe nke a gasị, osimiri ndị ahụ malitere ịdaba na ntinye mmiri. Na ndagwurugwu nke osimiri ndị buru ibu na ndị na-ajụkarị ihe 3-4 na-apụta. Osimiri, ọkachasị ndagwurugwu Moksha, bụ ntakịrị ihe ejiri mara na obere mmiri na-asọpụta (0.1-0.4 m / s). Oghere nke ọwa (dị ka ndagwurugwu) na-abawanye ala, mana ụkpụrụ a na mpaghara ụfọdụ mebiri emebi site na njiri mpaghara (usoro tectonic, formholo, wdg). Osimiri a gwakọtara nri: snow na-emeri - 60-90%, n'okpuruala - 7-20, oke nke mmiri ozuzo n'oge ọkọchị-ụbịa ụla mmiri bụ 5-10%. Ọpụpụ mmiri mmiri na-emetụta n'ụzọ dị ukwuu maka mpaghara mmiri. Ọnụ ego kachasị elu kwa afọ dị na Sura, Moksha, Alatyr. Site n'ọdịdị nke mkpokọ mmiri kwa afọ, ha so na East Europe ụdị, nke e nwere nnukwu ide mmiri, udu mmiri na udu mmiri, na ubara mmiri na udu mmiri. Nnukwu mmiri na-amalite na mbubreyo March - mmalite Eprel, ruru ihe kachasị na etiti Eprel, na-agbadata site na etiti ọnwa Mee. Ugo elu dịgidere 10-12, ọdịda - ụbọchị 20-25. N'afọ mmalite ma ọ bụ n'oge opupu ihe ubi, usoro ide mmiri ahụ na-agbanwe site na 1-2 afọ iri abụọ. Ná nkezi, ogologo oge, snow na-asọ 87,99%, mmiri na-asọfe ruru 3, na mmiri dị n'okpuru ala bụ 1-10%.

[edit] Ọdọ mmiri

Site na mbido, ọdọ mmiri nke Republic of Moldova bụ osimiri kachasị (ọdọ mmiri na-enweghị atụ). Ha bụ alaka ma ọ bụ akwara ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ site na isi mmiri - nsị nke bends mbụ.Ha nwere udi nke akpukpo aru ma obu inyinya isi (Inerka, Inorka, Zhegalovo, Big Palkino, wdg). Ọdọ mmiri karst sitere (na northwest Mordovia) bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị, nke kachasị na ha bụ Ọdọ Endovishche. Ọdọ mmiri kachasị na Republic ahụ bụ Inerka. Ọdọ mmiri bụ ihe kachasị eutrophic na dystrophic. Ebe mmiri si enweta mmiri bụ ọdọ mmiri, mmiri ozuzo, ala mmiri. N'oge ọkọchị, oke mmiri dị n'elu mmiri bụ 20 Celsius С, na mmiri na-emighị emi - 25-30, na omimi - ruo 10 Celsius С. Ọtụtụ ọdọ mmiri bụ ndị SPNA kwupụtara.

[edit] Swamps

A na-ekewa apịtị n'ime ala dị larịị, mgbanwe na ala ugwu. Na Republic of Moldova, apịtị dị 16.5 puku ha. A na-ahụkarị na ndagwurugwu Alatyr, Moksha, Sura. Ala ndị dị larịị na-ejupụta ebe niile, na-asọpụta na mmiri Vada, yana na mbara ala na ọdọ mmiri. Nwee akwa dị larịị ma ọ bụ akwa. A na-ahụ ha site na nri nri nwere oke nri, ahịhịa dị iche iche (ahịhịa, ahịhịa, ahịhịa, mosses, osisi, fir, ọhịa ojii). Horsesnyịnya ndị na-agba ịnyịnya na-abụkarị n'akụkụ mmiri. Ha na-ata nri. Ha nwere elu obibi, nke ịda ogbenye nke ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ, acidity nke mmiri siri ike na oke nke mosses sphagnum dị n'ime ahịhịa, ruo n'obere obere osisi. Transition guzobere ọnọdụ dị n'etiti ebe ndị dị larịị ma na ugwu ugwu. N'ime usoro mgbanwe, ha na-aga na elu n'ihi mbelata nke nri na-edozi ahụ, n'ihi mmụba nke nwayọ nke nnubata nke ala ma ọ bụ ala mmiri. Mgbanwe ahụ na mgbanwe na ahịhịa. Apịtị bụ akụkụ kachasị mkpa nke gburugburu ebe obibi gụnyere na usoro mmiri na ndu. Jee ozi dị ka ndị na-achịkwa mmiri nke ala na mmiri dị. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na Republic of Moldova bụ ndị akpọrọ mpaghara echedoro.

[edit] Ala

Podị topographic dị iche iche. larịị, ala, ala ndị nne na nna, ahịhịa, ihu igwe butere ọtụtụ ala nke dị iche iche taxonomic. etoju. Enwere ụdị iri na abụọ na Republic, 25 ụmụ irighiri mmiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ụdị na ụdị sọlfọ. Podzolic, ọhịa isi awọ, ọka bekee, chernozems, ahịhịa ndị nwere chernozem, otu ụdị sọlfọ nile, ala nke oke osisi ndagwurugwu jupụtara. A na-ahụ ihe ndị ọzọ na obere mpaghara. Ona Podzolic bụ ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. na northwest mpaghara - Atyurievsky, Elnikovsk, Zubovo-Polyansky, Kovylkinsky, Krasnoslobodsky, Tengushevsky, Temnikovsky, Torbeevsky, achọtara na ugwu-ọwụwa anyanwụ. - Ardatovsky, Bolsheignatovsky, Ichalkovsky district. Akpụrụ na moraine, fluvioglacial na nkwụnye ego alluvial ochie, pre. ìhè granulometric. mejupụtara n'okpuru conifers, deciduous-conifers na coniferous-broadleaf. oke ohia nwere mkpuchi ahihia na ahihia. Na - enweta 103,4 puku ha, 6.4% nke mkpokọta mpaghara S.-kh. ala. Enwere ụdị abụọ dị ala. Podzolic - dị ike. 1.5-2.5 m, ọdịnaya nke humus na elu. akụkụ nke profaịlụ 0.3-0.5%, mmeghachi ahụ bụ acidic siri ike. Sod-podzolic - obere ala (20-30 isi), dị ike. ọnọdụ humus site na 11 cm na loamy ruo 22 cm - na aja aja, ọdịnaya nke humus bụ 1.5-3%, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium bụ obere ego, mmeghachi omume bụ acidic.

A na-ahụkarị sọlfọ ọhịa grey n'etiti oke ọhịa ọhịa isi awọ na nkụda mmụọ. akụkụ nke mkpọda mmiri, mmiri ndị mmiri na-asọghị nke ọma. Aka hekta puku iri na iteghete na ọkara, 1.2% nke mpaghara ahụ dum S.-kh. ala. Kpụrụ n'okpuru broadleaf. oke ahihia na ahịhịa ahịhịa juru. Ha yiri ihe omimi na osisi ndi isi awọ, nke ha di iche na ha site na ịmịcha ọbara n'ụdị dị elu, nke agba aja aja na agba aja aja, nnukwu ọkpụrụkpụ nke humus ugwu na ọdịnaya dị elu nke humus.

Otu ndi mmadu nwere ahihia (ide mmiri) bu 11% nke uzo a. S.-kh. ala. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha dị n'okpuru ala ahịhịa amịlị, nke a na-ejikarị s. x-ve. Na mmụba. N'ogbe mmiri, mmiri na - adịkarị n'etiti akụkụ ide mmiri.- ahịhịa juru, n'etiti Na Republic, 409.1 puku ha (15.7%)

Flora nke Mordovia

Na Mordovia, enwere oke ahihia, ala ahihia na ala di nro. Oke ohia di iche-iche juru ebe nile. Ha na-eto eto pine na spruce, larch na ash, oak oak na maples, elm na warty birch, black linden na poplar.

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Lọt

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Oak

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Osisi Elm

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Site na ahihia na ahihia ebe ichoro osisi hazel, ash ash, euonymus, lili nke ndagwurugwu, buckthorn, parsnip, plantain.

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Ugwu ugwu

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Plantain

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Ungsụgharị

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N'ime osisi ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe, ihe ndị a ga-ekwu okwu:

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• - iris ahihia,
• - oke anemone,
• - Adonis mmiri,
• lily nke Saranac,
• - ihunanya bu ifuru,
• - Russia hazel grouse,
• - lumbago mepere Perennial,
• - ihe na –adịghị njọ bụ n'ezie,
• - Aziza Siberia.

Akwụkwọ iris na-enweghị isi

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Akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ Lyubov

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Venus slipper real

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Na ala Republic, ọ bụghị naanị nkwụnye ego ọhụrụ nke ụdị ihe ọkụkụ ka achọtara, kamakwa a chọtara ọnụ ọgụgụ nke osisi ndị ahụ atulere na-apụ n'anya kpamkpam. Iji mee ka ha dịkwuo elu ma chekwaa mkpụrụ ndụ ndị ọzọ, e mepụtara ọtụtụ nchekwa na Mordovia.

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Fauna nke Mordovia

Ndi nnochite anya uwa anumanu nke Mordovia bi na oke ohia na oke ohia. Muskrat na muskrat bikwa ebe a, pestle pestle na ahịhịa ahịrị na-ahụkarị, beaver na squirrel squirrel, nnukwu jerboa na marten. N'ime oke ọhịa ị nwere ike ịchọta oke mazu na anụ ọhịa, lynxes nkịtị, hares, squirrels.

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Muskrat

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Ahịhịa ala

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Birdwa nnụnụ bara ụba ma dị iche iche, hazel grouse, titmouse, woodpeckers, capercaillie, blackbirds, mooned, falmo-red, blbks, ugo na-acha ọcha, ure na-egbu egbu, ndị na-eri agwọ, na peregrine falcon. N’ebe a na-edebe mmiri, e nwere ebe a na-akpọ bream na sabrefish, pike na ide, catfish na loach, char na tench, sterlet na pike perch.

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Tit

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Ọnwa amị

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Onye ọka ohu

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Anụmanụ anụmanụ nke Mordovia:

Bison

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Swallowtail

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Mgbada uhie

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Ebe obu na odidi Mordovia bara uba ma di iche iche, ma ihe ndi mmadu na - echekwa ihe ndi ozo bu ihe anakpo, a na --echekwa ihe ndi ozo. Emebere ogige Smolny National na Republic, na mpaghara ọtụtụ anụmanụ bi na ya na ahịhịa nke ụdị dị iche iche na-eto.

Ihu Igwe na Mordovia

Mordovia dị na mpaghara nwere ihu igwe nwere ihu igwe, yabụ mgbanwe nke oge a na-ekwupụta nke ọma. Ejiri Mordovian ihu igwe na-enwe oge oyi na udu mmiri na-ekpo oke.

Oge oyi na-ebido mgbe ọnwa Nọvemba 4-6 gachara. Oge oyi na-abụkarị urukpuru na ntakịrị ntu oyi. Oge oyi kacha mma bụ ọnwa Jenụwarị, mgbe nkezi ọkara nke ọnwa dị site - Celsius 11.1 ruo -11.6.

Oge mbata nke oge opupu ihe ubi na Mordovia bụ ngwụcha Machị - mmalite nke Eprel. Ihe mbụ ọ na-eme bụ rooks rutere. E mesịa, larks na ụkọ nri pụtara. Nnụnụ cherị na-amalite itopụta n'etiti, na lilac - ke mbubreyo May. Oge opupu ihe ubi na-ejedebe na ngwụsị Mee, na-enwe oge dị ka ụbọchị 58.

Oge ọkọchị na Mordovia na-anọ ụbọchị iri asaa na itoolu ruo iri iteghete na asatọ wee bido na ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke Ọgọstụ

Oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ na-amalite na ụbọchị mbụ nke Septemba ma akara ngosi ọdịda na-aka akara. Ejiri ngwakọta mee ihe. Mgbụsị akwụkwọ na Mordovia dịgidere ruo afọ iri mbụ nke ọnwa Nọvemba.

Geography na enyemaka nke Republic of Mordovia

Republic nke Mordovia dị n'etiti akụkụ nke Ala Dị Larịị nke Russia n'etiti osimiri Oka na Sura. Odikwa n ction nchikota nke ukwu ahu na ebe oke ohia.

Mpaghara mkpokọta nke Republic nwere 26,2 puku square. km

Republic of Mordovia tinyere na:

• Mpaghara Nizhny Novgorod (north),
• Mpaghara Penza (ndịda),
• Mpaghara Ryazan (ọdịda anyanwụ),
• Ulyanovsk mpaghara (ọwụwa anyanwụ),
• Chuvashia (northheast).

Ihe enyemaka nke obodo jikọtara ọnụ bụ ihe dị larịị, nke dị larịị ma dị elu (akụkụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ), enweghị ala na ụlọ dị larịị na ndagwurugwu Osimiri Moksha na ụtụ ya (ọdịda anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ).

Mpaghara Volga Upland nọchiri anya mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ site na iji enyemaka nwere ugwu ugwu. Mpaghara kachasị elu - Alatyrsky Val (Mordovian ravine plateau) dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Mordovia n'etiti osimiri Insara na Sura.

Akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Republic ahụ bụ ala dị larịị nke nwere ntakịrị ihe enyemaka.

Ala mmiri ahụ dị larịị dị larịị, na-ewebata ụdị ụfọdụ na mbara ihu ahụ. Ebe a na-edebe ide mmiri na mbara ala mmiri mechiri emechi site na ntinye mmiri.

Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na ala

Ihu igwe a na-ajụ oyi na oyi na udu mmiri na uko. N'ihi kọmpat mpaghara a, ọnọdụ ihu igwe dịchaghị iche.

Ogologo oge a na-ekpo ọkụ bụ ụbọchị 209-214. Oge opupu ihe ubi bụ ụbọchị (69-71 ụbọchị).

Ogologo oge okpomọkụ kwa ụbọchị n’oge oge oyi nke mgbaru ọsọ bụ site -8 ruo -18 ºС, ma n’oge ọkọchị - site na +15 ruo +25 ºС.

Ogologo mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ bụ 450-500 mm. Ọtụtụ mmiri (70%) na-ada n'oge ọkọchị, site na Eprel ruo Ọktọba. A na-ahụ ntakịrị mmiri ozuzo na February (15-30 mm).

Site na ụbọchị 37 ruo 44 kwa afọ enwere ikuku akọrọ, unwu ala na-adị kwa oge.

Ihe kachasị bụ ihu igwe ojii na ihu igwe.

Ala nke mba juputara na ọmụmụ. Nchikota nke bara uru nke kachasi nma nke poznozia (44%), ihe otutu nke ala ocha na obere ala sod-podzolic ala.

Na ndagwurugwu nke nnukwu osimiri na ebe a na-elekọta ha nwere ahịhịa idei mmiri (3.2%).

Ihe ndi ozo

Akụrụngwa sitere na Republic of Mordovia gụnyere:

Mmiri mmiri. Ihe dị ka osimiri 360 na-asọfe na Republic. Oke mmiri nke mmiri ahụ bụ nke Moksha na Sura basin. Osimiri ndị ahụ bụ ụlọ dị jụụ na ndagwurugwu dị jụụ, ndagwurugwu sara mbara na ọwa winding. Osimiri ndị bụ isi bụ Alatyr, Sura, Pian, Insar, Sivin, Moksha, Wad, Issa, Vysha na Partza. Rivergwakọta nri mmiri osimiri - ala na snow na mmiri ozuzo. E nwere ọdọ mmiri ole na ole, ọdọ mmiri kacha ukwuu bụ Churilki nke nwere hectare 41. Nnukwu mmiri - Tokmokovskoye, B. Sarke-Tarasovskoye, Alatyr, Seitme, Pyrmé - bụ ebe ndobe ihe eji eme ihe. Ihe nchekwa mmiri dị n'ime ala dị mkpa, mana naanị 5-6% ka eji.

.Nweta minerale. Onweputara achọpụtara: iron iron ore, phosphorites, peat, paints mineral. N’akụkụ osimiri Sura, Vad, Moksha enwere nkwanye mmiri nke oak. Ihe ndozi di mkpa nke ihe eji aru ulo: ndozi nke flask na marl-chalk nkume (mpaghara Chamzinsky na Bolshebereznikovsky), marl na chalk (Atemarskoye, Kulyasovskoye, Piterskoye nkwuputa), tripoli (mpaghara ikpere nke Mordovia), okwute nzu (mpaghara ugwu-ọdịda anyanwụ), sandstone (Big north Western) , Saransk), refractory, Adobe, ụrọ ite (Shishkeevskoe na nkwụnye Nikitskoe).

Ala na akụrụngwa nke ala. Ha bu ihe ndabere ebuputara n’iru ihe ubi. Na mpaghara nke Republic, a na-ahụta mpaghara dị iche iche site na ịnweta ala na-eme nri: mpaghara ndị na-akpata obere ego (Temnikovsky, Tengushevsky, Zubovo-Polyansky) - sod-podzolic ala, obere ịnweta (Ichalkovsky, Bolsheignatovsky, Krasnoslobodsky, Bolshebereznikovsky, Kovylky-brown , nkezi ịdị adị (Elnikovskiy, Kochkurovskiy, Kadoshkinskiy, Insarskiy, Dubenskiy na mpaghara ndị ọzọ) - agba ntụ na ọchịchịrị isi awọ nwere mpaghara chernozems na sọlfọ ala, elu ọkwa nke nchekwa nke abụọ (Lambirsky, Romodanovsky, Chamzinsky, Atyashevsky, Atyuryevsky, obodo Saransk) - chernozems na-eme nri nke ukwuu.

N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ewu ụlọ, na ndabere nke nkwakọba ịnweta mineral, ọla kọpa na ụrọ, ụrọ gbatịrị agbatị, ngọngọ, okwute okwute, okwute carbonate, ajị a na-agwaghị agwa, a na-ewepụta ájá;

Flora na fauna

Nwere ike kwuo flora na fauna Mordovia site na okike ha na oke ohia na mpaghara ndi nwere otutu ahihia.

A na-anọchi anya mkpuchi ahịhịa ahịhịa site na ụdị ọzọ nke ọhịa nwere ala nkịtị na ahịhịa ala ahịhịa ma ọ bụ ngalaba nke ahịhịa ahịhịa.

A na-agwakọta oke ohia, ụdị nke nwere ntakịrị: alder, birch, linden. Hardwoods na-eburu nnukwu mpaghara: ash, oak, maple. 25% nke oke ohia nọchiri anya oke ohia (ọkachasị na spruce na fir).

Ihe osise 1. Mordovia na-ahụkarị. Onye edemede24 - gbanwere ọrụ ntanetị nke ụmụ akwụkwọ

A na-ahụ Steppes n'akụkụ mmiri dị n'ọhịa, na ala osimiri, n'akụkụ mkpọda nke ndagwurugwu na ndagwurugwu.

Preddị ahịhịa ahịhịa na-abụkarị ihe ọkụkụ: ahịhịa nku, fescue, bluegrass, ahịhịa timothy, bonfire. Echefu-me-nots bụ ihe echefuru echefu-me-nots, Clover, adonis.

Ihe dị ka ọkara nke ala ahịhịa juru na-adabara ahịhịa ala ahịhịa juru na osimiri. Akara ọka (bred nke ahịhịa, ahịhịa bluegrass, fesab na-acha ọbara ọbara, wdg) na mkpo (sickle alfalfa, klova na-acha ọbara ọbara, wdg) na-eto ebe a. Enwere ọtụtụ osisi ọgwụ: hemophilus, valerian, yarrow, inwe, na ndị ọzọ.

Unalọ nke Republic bụ ndị iche iche. Nkịta ọhịa na anụ ọhịa wolf juru eju; N'ebe ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ, ị ga-ahụ lynx, bea, na anụ. Anụmanụ na-agba ajị anụ dị oke ọnụ ahịa bi na ebe a: squirrels, badgers, martens, weasels, hares. Ọtụtụ jerboas, squirrels, sheru, beavers, muskrats, otters. Enwere otutu abụ na nduru; na ebe ojii ka ahịhịa na okpu na -ebi ndụ.

Azụ ụdị azụ ndị a dị mkpa maka azụmahịa: ide, bream, pike, chub, catfish, burbot, carp crucian.