Parantodons - dinosaurs nke biri n’oge ngwụcha Jurassic na n’oge mmalite nke Cretaceous, ya bụ, ihe dịka nde afọ 145-130 gara aga. Aha "parantodon" pụtara "Ezé yiri nke ifuru." Ezé nke dinosaur a yiri ifuru na-ama ifuru n'ụdị ya.
Na oge mbụ, achọtara parantodon (ya bụ, iberibe agba na ọtụtụ ezé) na 1929 na South Africa (South Africa Republic). Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kwenyere na dinosaur ndị a bikarịrị akụkụ ndịda nke mpaghara ala Africa ugbu a.
Ogologo oge mgbe nchọpụta nke mkpokọta parantodon, anaghị atụle ya bụ dinosaur, naanị na 1979, mgbe achọpụtara iberibe ọkpụkpụ zuru oke nke ọkpụkpụ ahụ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị họọrọ ya dịka dinosaur.
Ogologo oge nke parantodon bụ ihe dịka 5 mita. O nwere nnukwu isi, site na ya ruo na nsọtụ ọdụ ahụ wee kee eriri epeepe nke ọkpụkpụ ma ọ bụ azụ, nke bụ ihe nchebe site n'aka ndị na-eri anụ.
A sụgharịrị okwu parantodon dịka “Yiri Antodon”
Parantodon bụ otu ezigbo ndị ikwu stegosaurus, nke ya na otu ezinụlọ stegosaurs nwere. Ndị nnọchi anya ezinụlọ stegosaurus bụ dinosaurs herbivorous nwere obere isi, na anụ ahụ nwere ọtụtụ efere ma ọ bụ spain. Ha gabigara azụ site na olu ruo na njedebe ọdụ.
Parantodon bi na ndịda Africa na njedebe nke oge Jurassic. Edeghị Parantodon na 1929 dị ka dinosaur n'ihi ụkọ nke ọkpụkpụ, ebe ọ bụ na na mbụ, a hụrụ akụkụ nke agba ya na ezé. Nke a rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ntọala iji nye ya aha "Parantodon" na 1978, mana edeburu ya dị ka ankylosaurus.
Na 1979, achọtara ozu ndị ọzọ nke dinosaur a, nke nyere ohere ịkọwa parantodon dị ka stegosaurus.
Lowa Echefuru
Ihe mgbochi bụ dinosaurs dịrị ndụ na ngwụcha oge Jurassic na Early Cretaceous, ya bụ, ihe dịka afọ 145-130 afọ gara aga. Aha "parantodon" pụtara "Ezé yiri nke ifuru." Ezé nke dinosaur a yiri ifuru na-ama ifuru n'ụdị ya.
Na oge mbụ, achọtara parantodon (ya bụ, iberibe agba na ọtụtụ ezé) na 1929 na South Africa (South Africa Republic). Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kwenyere na dinosaur ndị a bikarịrị akụkụ ndịda nke mpaghara ala Africa ugbu a.
Ogologo oge mgbe nchọpụta nke mkpokọta parantodon, anaghị atụle ya bụ dinosaur, naanị na 1979, mgbe achọpụtara iberibe ọkpụkpụ zuru oke nke ọkpụkpụ ahụ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị họọrọ ya dịka dinosaur.
Ogologo oge nke parantodon bụ ihe dịka 5 mita. O nwere nnukwu isi, site na ya ruo na nsọtụ ọdụ ahụ wee kee eriri epeepe nke ọkpụkpụ ma ọ bụ azụ, nke bụ ihe nchebe site n'aka ndị na-eri anụ.
Akụkọ ọmụmụ
Nkọwa ahụ kọwara Richard Owen na 1876, onye mejọrọ ya maka dinosaur, n'ihi na ọ kọwara ya ụdị isi steresaurus nke Cretaceous dị ala. Ka oge na-aga, na 1912, Robert Broome nwere ike ịmata ọdịiche dị na dinosaur na ihe ndị dị n'oge Permian, na 1929, Franz Nopcha gụrụ aha dinosaur Paranthodon (nke yiri anododon).
Na mbu, etinyere otutu umu ihe na ogbe a, ma ha nile, ma e wezuga nke edepụtara n'okpuru, belata na okwu nmeghari:
- Anthodon chlynoviensis Efremov 1940 - na Deltavjatia rossicus (Hartmann-Weinberg, 1937)
- Anthodon gregoryi Broom, 1930 - na Pareiasaurus serridens Owen
- Anthodon minusculus Haughton, 1932 - na Anthodon serrarius
- Anthodon nesemanni Broom 1940 - na Pareiasaurus serridens Owen
- Anthodon rossicus Hartmann-Weinberg, 1937 - na Deltavjatia rossicus (Hartmann-Weinberg, 1937)
Dabere na weebụsaịtị Paleobiology Database, dị ka ọnwa Septemba 2019, naanị ụdị agụnyere na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ahụ bụ Anthodon serrarius Owen, 1876.
Gịnị bụ ọrịa a?
Periodontitis nwere oke mkpali, na ekpuchi periodontium. Agụ ahụ na-anyụ anyụ, na-amalite ịgba ọbara, n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ezé na-amalite ịpụ.
Ọrịa ụsọ nke oge nwere ike ibute ọrịa na ịrịa ọrịa ụkwara. Kedu ihe dị iche na ọrịa, ọ dị ezigbo mkpa ịmara: ọrịa ụbụrụ na-akpasu iwe nke usoro alveolar, ọ bụghịkwa mkpali na okike.
Ọdịiche: periodontitis, ọrịa ọgbụgba na gingivitis
Ihe kpatara mbu
- Ọdịmma onu ọcha. Ihe ncheta di oke nkpa maka ahuike na eze. Ọ bụrụ na ewepụghị ya mgbe niile site na ichipu ezé gị, ọ na-amalite ịmalite, sie ike, na-agbanwe ịghọ tartar. Nsogbu a nwere ike imetụta ọ bụghị naanị ndị na-eleghara ịdị ọcha nke ụbọchị anya, kamakwa ịnweta ezé ezé ezé, nhicha ezé, ma ọ bụ enyemaka nhicha ahụ.
- Ọbara ezughi oke n’azu. Periodontitis na-emetụtakarị ndị na-a smokeụ sịga. Anwụrụ ọkụ si na sịga mejupụtara nwere ihe na-egbochi arịa nke mucous akpụkpọ ahụ nke oghere ọnụ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-emebi emebi. Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ anaghị eri nri, ọ bụrụ na mmadụ ahọrọ iri nri dị nro, ọ na -eme ka eruru ọbara nke ezughi oke n'agba ahụ.
- Enweghị nri. Enwere ike ịmalite eserese dị otú ahụ site na nri na-adịghị edozi, nke na - ezughị ezu nke akwụkwọ nri, mkpụrụ osisi, azụ, anụ, ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi. Ọ bụrụ na nri dị otú ahụ na-eme mgbe niile, usoro metabolism na goms na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-akpaghasị, na-eme ka ngosipụta nke usoro mkpali, periodontitis.
Koodu ICD-10
Ọrịa ahụ nwere koodu ICD-10 ndị a:
- K05.2 Ọrịa
- K05.3 Oge na-adịghị ala ala.
Site n'ọrịa ahụ, nkewa periodontitis kewara:
- nnukwu . Ọrịa ahụ na-emetụta ọrịa oria oge ogologo oge, na-akpalite nnukwu ihe mgbu, goms na-agba mmee. Nsogbu nwere ike iputa, nke bu ihe abaghi na onwu,
- ala ala . Ọrịa ahụ na-emetụta nwayọ nwayọ nwayọ, na mbido na-enweghị onwe ya. Y’oburu na mbido mbu i bidoghi ikoputa ogwu nke oma, oria a gha emetuta uzo ala nke periodontium, emesia o gha isi ike igwo ya. Formdị nke ụdị ọrịa a nwere ike ibute ọrịa na-akpalite ike mmadụ, nke na-eme ka ọ dịrị na ọrịa ndị dị ize ndụ nke mbute ọrịa.
Banyere nsonye nke usoro periodontitis, ọ na - eme:
- obodo - nwere isi mmalite,
- juputara - na - etolite n'okpuru uzo ihe abuo: oria na - emetuta oria oge, na ebelata ikike mmadu, n'ihi nke o nweghi ike iguzogide ya.
Ọrịa
E nwere njirimara ndị ga - enyere aka ịchọpụta periodontitis.
Periodontitis: foto
Isi ihe ịrịba ama nke periodontitis:
- Ọbara na-agba ọbara dị ukwuu
- Itching, na-atụba uche n'okpuru goms,
- Nku ume ojoo, nke na adi ka odi n’aghachaa ezé gi.
- Gbanwe agba nke akpụkpọ anụ mucous n'akụkụ ezé,
- Ọnụnọ nke tartar na enamel,
- Ntugharị eze.
Na ụdị adịghị ala ala:
- goms agba, zaa,
- akpụkpọ mucous na-acha ọbara ọbara,
- n’akpa nwa oge na-apụta ihe nzuzo,
- goms na-afụ ụfụ, na-ama jijiji,
- mmadụ na-enwe ike, ọ na-enwekarị ahụ ọkụ.
Otu esi emeso
Ọ bụ dọkịta ezumike ma ọ bụ orthodontist ahọpụtara usoro ọgwụgwọ maka periodontitis.
Tupu na mgbe ọgwụgwọ gum
Ọgwụgwọ na-eme:
- obodo:
- ogwu
- nke ogwugwo
- orthopedic
- physiotherapy,
- nkịtị.
Vector na-asacha tartar, ihe ncheta n'okpuru goms, nke na-akpalite ọdịdị nke microorganisms pathogenic. Ngwaọrụ anaghị emetụta oke mgbọrọgwụ, nke mere na a na-echebe ezé na goms pụọ na mmerụ ahụ.
Nkwadebe
- Isezọ antiseptics na-eme ka mkpochapu nje nje na-akpalite mmepe nke ọrịa ahụ,
- Mouthwash nke na-arụzigharị mmezi ya, yana belata mbufụt ọgbụgba.
- Ọbara na - ewepu mbufụt, ọria akụkụ nke mucous n'ọnụ,
- Mgbasa ozi na-eme ka adsorption nke pathogenic microflora, mkpochapu egbu egbu nke ahụ dum, yana mbufụt chịngọm. A na-ewebata ọgwụ ndị dị otú ahụ n’akpa oge,
- Enzymes , ụbụrụ necrotic na-ekewa, na usoro nhazi usoro redox. A na-ewebata ha n'ime obere oge oge site na iji turundas dị mkpirikpi, nke etinyere na ngwakọta isotonic. Usoro ya sitere na ụbọchị ise ruo ụbọchị asaa,
- Immunostimulatory nke ahụ na-eso akpata mweghachi nke usoro ahụ mmadụ, nke na-enweghị ike ịlụso ọrịa ọgụ.
Ọgwụ ụlọ
Ha na-ekwu na ọgwụgwọ na ọgwụgwọ ndị mmadụ bụ ihe kachasị arụ ọrụ. Agbanyeghị, echefula na tupu itinye ụzọ nke ọgwụ ọdịnala, ịkwesịrị ịgakwuru ọkachamara.
Onwere udiri ihe nlere nke ulo a gosiputarala onwe ha n’agha megide periodontitis:
- Hịa aka n'ahụ na ngwakọta oké osimiri oké osimiri na mmanụ fir gwakọtara na nha anya. Mmadu mmadu kechiri erimeri ya na mkpịsị aka ya, wedata ya na nzi ya, wee gwọọ nkụ na-akpata nsogbu ahụ nkeji iri, ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị,
- Jiri mmiri tincture sachaa ọnụ oak ogbugbo . Ọ ga-abụrịrị ala tupu oge eruo. A na-awunye otu ngaji ogbugbo ntụ n'ime iko mmiri, weta ya n'ọkụ. A na-ahapụ infusion ahụ ruo ọkara otu awa, emesia ọ na-agbanwe. Iji mepụta nsonaazụ n'oge na-adịghị anya, ụbọchị a na-eme usoro ahụ kwa awa abụọ.
Teethkpụpụ ezé
Periodontitis na ọkwa dị elu na-akpalite mmegharị eze. Izere mfu ha na-enyere aka ekewaa - igbapu ezé site na itinye taya ma ọ bụ nke edoziri.
- Nke mbughari taya - Ndị a bụ efere na ọnụ ụzọ na-ejikọ ọtụtụ ezé, ọbụlagodi na ụfọdụ n’ime ha na-efu. Ofdị nkewapu osisi a na-enye ohere usoro ọgwụgwọ ugboro ugboro.
- Tayata edoziri ejiri ihe siri ike mee ihe na-ejide ezé ahụ ka o sie ike. A na-eji ha maka mmebi siri ike na goms, na-akpalite mmegharị ezé dị elu. Usoro ahụ adịghị emerụ mmadụ ahụ, n'agbanyeghị, ọ na-enwe ahụ erughị ala, ike.
Nzaghachi na usoro a: