Akwa Arctic Reserve - nke kachasị na mpaghara ọ bụghị naanị na Russia, mana na Eurasia dum. Enwere ebe asaa ebe a: Dikson-Sibiryakovsky, "Islands nke Kara Sea", Pyasinsky, "Middendorf Bay", "Nordenskjöld Archipelago", "Taimyr Lower" na "Ọzara Polar". Gburugburu ikpeazụ, ebe a na-akpọ Chelyuskin Peninsula, nwere ọzara mbara Arctic kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa. Snoo na-ada na njedebe nke August, na-agbaze kpamkpam na njedebe nke June. Na Cape Chelyuskin, mkpuchi snow na-ewe ihe dị ka ụbọchị 300 n'afọ. Ebe a ma ama nke ndoputa bu bays nke Medusa na Efremov. Ndi Arctic tundra bu akuku ndi ozo N'oge ọkọchị, algae na lichens na-agbanwe tundra, ọ na-atụgharị ọbara ọbara, odo, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ọbụna ojii.
Mpaghara echekwara
Nkpuchi nke ndoputa ihe bu ugwu ugwu, agbanyeghi, enwere ebe di lari - ebea di anya, nke adighi ekpu. Ihe ka ukwuu na-edebe ihe ndị ahụ na-adịkarị ugwu ndị dị larịị na ugwu ugwu nwere ebe dị nro.
Nnukwu Arctic Reserve nwere saịtị ụyọkọ asaa: saịtị ahụ, saịtị Kara Sea Islands, ebe Pyasinsky, Middendorff Bay, Nordensköld archipelago, ebe Lower Taimyr, Chelyuskin peninsula, Reserve nke-31
Ọnọdụ dị elu nke ebe nchekwa dị na-eduga n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na enwere ajọ ihu igwe Arctic na ihe omume nke ụbọchị polar na abalị. Isi ala nke ndoputa ahụ bụ mpaghara subund nke Arctic tundra, akụkụ ndị kachasị dị na north nke mpaghara mpaghara ọzara nke Arctic. Permafrost (permafrost) juru ebe nile. Na mkpokọta, dịka ụkpụrụ ikuku ikuku si dị, Peninala Taimyr, nke dị na mpaghara ebe nchekwa dị, bụ otu n'ime ala kachasị dị na mbara igwe na ugwu ugwu. N'ebe ndịda, nkezi afọ ikuku kwa afọ bụ 10.5 ogo, na n’akụkụ ụsọ oké osimiri - ogo 14.1.
Snoo na-ekpuchikarị tundra na ngwụsị August - mbido Septemba, ma a na-eme mkpuchi mkpuchi siri ike n'etiti - ngwụsị Septemba. Oge gbazee zuru oke na-abụkarị na mbubreyo June - mmalite July.
Imalmụ anụmanụ na ụwa
N'akụkụ ebe a na-edebe ihe, akọwapụtara nke ọma ihe e ji mara ahịhịa nke latitude. Maindị ahịhịa ahịhịa tundra bụ mosses na lichens na-atachi obi n'ọnọdụ siri ike nke Arctic. Ha na-ese tundra na agba di iche iche, site na oji. N'ebe ugwu, lichens na-achịkwa osisi ndị ọzọ na-enweghị ike ịbanye n'ọnọdụ niile nke mmepe ha n'oge oge mkpụmkpụ mkpụmkpụ ma ghara ifuru kwa afọ. Osisi Arctic na-agbachi, alaka ha na-agbasasịkwa na ala, usoro mkpọrọgwụ na-etokwa n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ. Ọzara Arctic fọrọ nke nta ka ahịhịa ghara ịkọ ahịhịa: enweghị bushes, lichens na mosses adịghị etolite mkpuchi na-aga n'ihu. A na-agbakọ mkpokọta mkpuchi nke osisi ebe a na pasent ole na ole.
Ogo ogo ihu igwe nke Arctic North na-emetụtakwa fauna nke mpaghara ahụ, ya mere ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na anụ ọhịa nke ndobere akụ na ụba adịghị, mana edepụtara ọtụtụ n'ime ndị nnọchi anya ya na International Red Book, Akwụkwọ Red na Russia na Akwụkwọ Red nke Krasnoyarsk Territory. Anụmanụ niile na - emekọrita site na nkọwapụta nke imeghari ndụ na ọnọdụ polar.
Nnukwu nnụnụ ndị a na-enweta na Great Arctic Reserve nwere ụdị 124, n'ime ha bụ ụdị 55 n'ime ha ka ọ dabere na ya. Ndị ọzọ zutere n'oge Mbugharị na na-agagharị; maka ụdị 41, a ma ama ijiji. Ihe e ji mara ndị bi na tundra bụ ikwiikwii ọcha na tundra na-acha ọcha, nke na-anaghị ahapụ Taimyr ọjọọ. Nnụnụ ndị dị ka nke Siberian eider, ọcha na pink pink fọrọ nke nta ka afọ niile na-agafe ókè mmiri Polar. Site na mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi, ọtụtụ puku ìgwè atụrụ nke ndị nwere ihu na-acha ọcha, geese ojii, na ndị isi mgbago ugwu dị iche iche rutere Arctic. Ihe ndoputa nwere ụdị ụdị gulls dị ụkọ.
Ọnọdụ anụ ndị na-eri anụ na-enye anụ ahụ ruru iri na isii. N'etiti ha bụ reindeer, wolf, arctic fox, ermine, walrus, ehi musk, polar bear. Ndị na-amụ banyere ihe ndị dị ndụ na-ekwu na mmachibido iwu ịchụ nta polar butere nnukwu mmụba n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ya. A na-ahụkarị otu bea na anụ ọhịa bea na ụmụ ya na-anọ mgbe niile n'obodo niile na ọdụ polar.
Ichthyofauna nke ebe ndobere umu anumanu ato di nari. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ezinụlọ nke salmon na whitefish. Speciesdị ndị a na-ahụkarị na mmiri dị mma nke isi mmiri bụ arctic char, omul, muksun na ire, Siberian grayling. A na-anọchite anya saiga, syshot ice, na polar flounder na-anọchi anya ebe mmiri mmiri. A na-ahụ Sturgeon Siberia, sterlet, nelma na pike n'ókèala ebe nsọ anụ ọhịa Brekhov Islands.
Ọrụ ebube sitere n'okike na Arctic
Ndị nchọpụta mpaghara - Njem nke Russian Geographical Society, rutere n'afọ 1843 n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Arctic. Onye isi njem njem a, Alexander Middendorf buru ụzọ kọwaara ụwa niile banyere mpaghara ahụ, nke ga-emesịa bụrụ Nnukwu Ihe Ndọba Ahụ. Ruo ogologo oge, ọ bụ naanị mmadụ ole na ole matara banyere oke ala mpaghara ahụ, ruo mgbe iwu nke gọọmentị mebere ya na 1993 Nnukwu Arctic Reserve. Ókèala idobere ala buru ibu nke na ozugbo ị ruru ebe ahụ, ị nwere ike ihu n'otu ebe ọtụtụ mpaghara eke - ohia-tundra, tundra na ọzara Arctic.
A pụrụ inwe ọzara Arctic nso na Cape Chelyuskin yana n'agwaetiti ndị dị anya. Ọzara na-ekpuchi snow na-eru na mbara igwe. N'ime otu afọ, ọ gaghị anọ karịa izu abụọ, mgbe oke okpomọkụ dị ebe a nwere ike ibili karịa efu. N'agwaetiti nke Oké Osimiri Kara na ụsọ mmiri, ị ga-aghọta ihe Arund tundra bụ. Enwere ọtụtụ ọdọ mmiri na osimiri, ọ bụ ezie na ihu igwe dị mfe karị, na Septemba, ha na-ajụ oyi ruo etiti June.
N'agbanyeghị ogo ihu igwe na ogo dị mkpụmkpụ, ma ị nwere ike ịhụ ụdị osisi dị iche iche mara mma na nke dịgasị iche. Lemọn poppy petals, isi awọ - alaka beige nke osisi willow, na-agba ọkụ - lichens odo. Mgbe ị garawara na ndịda nke Taimyr, ị ga-ezute ndị bi na ọhịa-tundra: spruce, larch, ahịhịa ebe niile dị ndụ ndụ. Ebe ndoputa bu ọgaranya ndi nwere akara. Site na mmalite nke ụbọchị mbụ nke oge opupu ihe ubi, a na-ekesa abụ nke nnụnụ n'ebe niile ma na-atọ ụtọ ntị. Edepụtara ihe karịrị nnụnụ iri na abụọ n'akwụkwọ Red. Nnụnụ kachasị na-ahụkarị bụ gull.
N'ikwu okwu banyere ụmụ anụmanụ, na ndozi ị ga - ahụ akwa nla, oke ehi, akwa bekee. Oké osimiri, na belugas, narwhals, akàrà na walrus na-ebi n'oké osimiri. Onye bi ebe obibi bụ nnukwu bea. Anụmanụ a adịghị ọcha ma ghara ịtụ egwu ihu igwe oyi, a na-ahụkarị ya ka ọ na-achọ azụ ma ọ bụ na-ezu ike na ice.
Ecotourism na idobere n'ọkwa kachasị elu. Kwesighi ịbụ ọkachamara iji nwalee akwa mmiri, ịchọpụta omimi nke oké osimiri, sonye na ịkụ azụ ma ọ bụ ịga azụ. Ọzọkwa, a na-ahazi njem njem n'ime ebe nchekwa ahụ, site na ntinye nke ndị ọkachamara na-ahụ maka idobere, ndị ụzọ gafere na mmezi nke Nenets, ebe ị nwere ike ịmatakwu ndụ ha na omenala ha, na, n'ezie, ịmara osisi na ahịhịa nke mpaghara dị ịtụnanya. Gaa na ndoputa ma banye n'ime okike nke Arctic!
Icebergs nke Great Arctic Reserve
A na-ewere Icebergs, iberibe shelf ice nke na-abanye n'oké osimiri na n'oké osimiri, n'ụzọ ziri ezi dịka ọrụ ebube nke okike nke Arctic Great Reserve. Ihe ruru 90% nke olu ha nwere ike ịnọ n'okpuru mmiri. N'ihi gịnị? Onye sayensị Russia bụ Mikhail Lomonosov bụ onye mbụ chọpụtara ilu a. O gosiputara na njupụta nke ice dị 920 n'arọ / m², na mmiri nke mmiri bụ 1025 n'arọ / m². Enwere icebergs, nke afọ ha karịrị afọ 1000 (ha nwere njiri mara ọchịchịrị na-acha anụnụ anụnụ). Ka oge na-aga, ọdịdị nke ndị Rekọb a akpụrụ akpụ na-agbanwekwa, na-enwetakwu nkọwa ndị ọzọ. N'ime mmiri nke Oké Osimiri Arctic, ịdị elu nke ice ice anaghị aga karịa 25 m, ogologo ya bụ 500 m. A na-eme atụmatụ na, afọ ice 26,000 na-akwụsị na mpempe akwụkwọ ice Arctic naanị otu afọ.
Okirikiri ala ndị dị n'okirikiri a na-ahụ anya na Great Arctic Reserve bụ Arctic tundra na ọzara Arctic.
Ozi Izugbe
- Aha zuru oke: Nnukwu cticlọ Akụ Maka Ọdịdị Mba.
- IUCN Udi: la (reserve nature Reserve).
- Nke ehibere: Mee 11, 1993
- Mpaghara: Krasnoyarsk Territory, Mpaghara Taimyr.
- Mpaghara: 4 169 222 ha.
- Enyemaka: ugwu.
- Ihu igwe: akwara mmiri.
- Weebụsaịtị osise: http://www.bigarctic.ru/.
- E-mail: [email protected].
Akụkọ banyere okike
N’oge na-adịbeghị anya, ụmụ mmadụ na-enwekwu nchegbu banyere nsogbu nke ịgbaze ice na mgbanwe ihu igwe na Ógbè Ugwu. Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ usoro a na -eme n'okike nwere ike ịghọta naanị site n'ịmụ North. Arctic dị ka otu n'ime oke ala nke iswa abụghị naanị ihe nyocha dị mkpa. Hylọ egwu osisi, ahịhịa na ahịhịa, ala pụrụ iche nke North North - a ga-echekwa ihe a niile.
Echiche ibipụta mpaghara Arctic a mụrụ ebe a, n'etiti snow na ice, ọ bụghị n'ọfịs ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị. Na 1989, a haziri nnukwu njem Russia-German n'ime Far North, n'ihi nke dọkịta nke sayensị, prọfesọ Evgeny Evgenievich Syroechkovsky na ndị ọrụ ibe ya chepụtara maka ebumnuche maka ịmepụta nnukwu ndoputa na Arctic. Ihe karịrị afọ iri nke ọrụ nkwadebe buru ibu.
N'ihi nke a, gọọmentị Russia Federation ụbọchị nke 11 dị na May 1993, Nọmba 431 "Mgbe e mepụtara Nnukwu Arctic Arctic State Nature Reserve". Nsonaazụ ndị mbụ nke ọmụmụ mbụ chịkọtara akụkọ dị peeji 1,000. Nke a bụ nnukwu akwụkwọ! Ugbu a anyị na-eme atụmatụ ibipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ na Great Arctic Reserve. Ihe mejupụtara ya gụnyere ihe nchekwa abụọ maka agwaetiti: Severozemelsky na Brekhov Islands.
Vegwa akwụkwọ nri
Na ahịhịa nke Great Arctic Reserve, ụdị 162 nke ahịhịa vaskụla dị elu, 89 - mosses, 15 - fungi na 70 - ka amatara.
Polar polar, nke na-ahọrọ oke ala, ọ na-ebu ifuru ngwa ngwa ozugbo ihe mkpuchi snow agbazeworo.
N'ime otu osisi, ụdị ndị kachasị ewu ewu bụ willow pola (Salixpolaris). Ogologo alaka ya dị cm 3-5. N'ebe ugwu, a na-eme tii site na akwụkwọ nke ahịhịa a.
N'etiti lichens, ọhịa na mgbada Cladonia (Cladina arbuscula na C. rangiferina), A na-ahụkarị clandria Icelandic (agwaetiti Cetraria). Ihe na-adọrọ mmasị na-achọpụta bụ Greenis Coriscium (Coriscium viride). Think chere na ezigbo ifuru na-eto na tundra arctic? Ee ha bụ! Themfọdụ n'ime ha bụ glavation glaasi (ma ọ bụ arctic rose) (Novosieversia glacialis), armeria n'oké osimiri (Armeria maritima), poppy (poververululatum) poppy (Papaver radicatum). Okooko osisi nke Ugwu - ezigbo ọrụ ebube! Na Arctic, ọtụtụ n'ime ha, gụnyere poppy poppy, na-akwadebe maka okooko osisi kemgbe ọdịda. Ifuru na-eyi ifuru n’okpuru oke mkpuchi nke nwere ike ịdabere na ha pụọ na ntu oyi.
Imalmụ anụmanụ
Akwa Arctic Reserve bụ ụdị anụmanụ nke ụmụ anụmanụ 18, nke 14 n'ime ha bụ anụ mmiri, ụdị nnụnụ 124, 55 n'ime ha nwere anụ ụmụ, na ụdị ụdị azụ 29.
Polar polar (Ursus maritimus) - akara nke ala-eze nke mgbe ebighi-ebi. Taa, anụmanụ ndị a buru ibu ma dị ike abụrụwo ndị dị egwu ma nọrọ n'ihe ize ndụ. Edepụtara ha na Akwụkwọ Red na Russia. N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, n’okpuru ajị ọcha nke ụmụ anụmanụ na-ezo n ’ọchichiri gbara agba gbara ọchịchịrị. Mana imi na ire ha na-ekwupụta ihe nzuzo ha.
Ọkpụkpụ pola na-agba agba nwere oghere n'ime ya. Mgbe a na-edebe ya n'ogige ụmụ anụmanụ, na ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, anụ ọhịa bea na-acha odo odo na mberede, gbanwee akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na algae microscopic na-ebi n'ime ajị oghere. Nature lekọtara ihe okike ya anya nke ọma, na-echebe ha pụọ na nchapu: ajị anụ polar kpuchie na ajị anụ, yabụ na ha anaghị ajụ oyi ọbụna na ntu oyi kachasi ike.
Polar bumblebee na-eme ka ahịhịa na-ama ifuru na-eto ahịhịa nke Great Arctic Reserve
Siberian na ungulate lemmings (Lemmus sibiricus na Dicrostonyx torquatus) juru ebe niile. Ndị a bụ obere akụrụngwa nke ezinụlọ vole, nke bụ nri kachasị nke anụ nwere dịka foxes na-acha anụnụ anụnụ (Alopex lagopus).
Na mpaghara ndobere, Lapland plantain (Calcarius lapponicus), dunlin (Calidris alpina), goose nke dị n'ihu (Anser albifrons), oke osimiri (Calitris maritime), white gull (Pagophila eburnea) na ụdị nnụnụ ndị ọzọ na-echekwa. Ihe na-acha ọcha gull bụ naanị onye nnọchianya nke ụdị ya. O bi naani n'ime Arctic Circle. Ndị nne na nna na-amị àkwá nke mmiri, na ọnwa mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, nwa ọkụkọ (ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ) pụtara, nke a na-echebe nke ọma site na oyi site na ngwa ọgbụgba dị ọkụ. Ọ bụ ezie na edeghị mmiri dị ọcha n'ụdị Red Book nke Russia, nọmba ha dị obere.
N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, ụmụ ahụhụ bi na Arctic. Otu n'ime ha bụ polaris polaris (Bombus polaris), nke na-etisa ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ, gụnyere willow polar polar, dị ka e kwuru n'elu.
Ọnọdụ idobere
Emebere ndoputa nke ọha na eze, mana achọrọ ikike maka nchịkwa a maka nke a. Enwere ike ịchọta nkọwa niile site na ekwentị ma ọ bụ email. Reserve emepeala ụzọ dị mma nke gburugburu obibi. Iji maa atụ, njem azụ na nyocha mere njem "Azụ na nsọtụ ụwa" na "Hutuda-Biga - osimiri nke bara ọgaranya na ndụ." N'ebe na-adịghị anya site na obodo Dixon dị bụ usoro Willem Barents, nke ndị ọrụ ya na-eduzi njem nlegharị anya oge - Birdwatching. Enwekwara njem nleta na-adọrọ mmasị "Taimyr Maze". Enwere ike inweta ozi ndị ọzọ na weebụsaịtị nke ndobere.
Ebe ị ga-anọ
Enwere ọtụtụ ụlọ nkwari akụ na Dudinka: “ightslọ Ugwu Dị Niile” (Matrosova St., 14, tel: 8- (39191) 3-30-79, 3-30-73), “Yenisei Lights”, (Sovetskaya St., 41, tel.: 8- (39191) 5-19-53, 3-18-01, 5-14-32). Nwere ike nọrọ na nkwari akụ n'okpuru nchịkwa obodo Karaul ma ọ bụ ụlọ nkwari akụ na ebe azụmaahịa dị na Khatanga.