Ọnọdụ sistemụ
Ezinụlọ Mantis - Mantidae (Manteidae).
Bolivaria - Bolivaria brachyptera (Pallas, 1773)

Ọnọdụ. 7 “Na-achịkwa n'ụzọ pụrụ iche” - 7, SK. E tinyere ya na ihe odide ntụkwasị 2 na Akwụkwọ Red nke Russian Federation *. N'akwụkwọ Red na USSR, ọ bụ nke “II. Umu nkpuru ”.

Ihe ịrịba ama nke mpụga nke bolivaria dị mkpụmkpụ mkpụmkpụ

Bolivaria bụ onye nnọchianya na-adọrọ adọrọ nke mantis. Ahụ ya dị warara, gbara agba, na agba aja aja na agba. Nha ụmụ nwanyị bụ 4-5.3 cm, ụmụ nwoke bụ 3-4.5 cm.

Ndi Bolivaria bi n'ọzara nkpuru ahihia.

Akụkụ akụkụ nke proffum ahụ abụghị nke edoziri. Ọkpụkpụ afọ ya dị mkpụmkpụ. Elytra nke dị mkpụmkpụ n'akụkụ ụzọ dị ọcha na-acha ọcha, yana ọkpọ gbara ọchịchịrị n'ihu onu ire na mgbanaka gbara ọchịchịrị n'etiti, nke na-apụtachaghị nke ọma. A na-ahụ ha anya ma ghara ịgbatị karịa etiti afọ. Nwa nku dị ncha na-acha odo odo, na-eji oji na-acha oji ma ọ bụ na-acha odo odo n'akụkụ ọnụ ya. Na hind tarsus, akụkụ nke mbụ toro ogologo karịa ndị ọzọ niile ejikọtara.

Ọdịdị nke ụkwụ ihu ụkwụ nke mantis yiri pensụl. Drgbọ na-acha uhie uhie nke nwere ntụ dị ka agụba, apata ụkwụ dịkwa n'imerụ ahụ. N'ịchere anụ ọ ga-eri, mantis na-ezochi oghere ndị dị n'úkwù n'úkwù, ma mgbe onye ahụ tara ahụhụ, ọ na-eji ngwa ngwa chụpụ ha, na-ejide ma sie ike n'apata ụkwụ na etiti ukwu. Enwere oge mgbe n'ụzọ dị otu a bụ nnukwu mantises achụrụ obere frogs na lizard.

Wormwood Bolivaria gụnyere na Akwụkwọ Red nke Ukraine dịka ụdị adịghị emerụ ahụ.

Ebe obibi Bolivarius Habitats

Bolivaria dị mkpụmkpụ nke dị mkpụmkpụ na-ebi na steepụ, ọzara, ka a na-ahụ n'osisi ndị a na-eme ka ibi biri n'ọnọdụ kpọrọ nkụ, na mkpọda ugwu ukwu na oke ala. Ebe obibi na ahịhịa ahịhịa, na-ebi ndụ n'akụkụ osimiri, na ahịhịa ndụ nke ahịhịa ahịhịa, ahịhịa na-asọ mmiri. N’ebe a na-azọ ụkwụ, ọ na-agbago na mkpọda nkume dị elu ruo elu nke ihe karịrị 2000 m karịa oke osimiri. Na Central Eshia, a na-ahụ bolivaria na biomopes ọka, worug, desanti solyanka na ọkara desat.

Bolivaria bụ ụdị nku nwere naanị nku - naanị ụdị dị n'etiti ndị mant bụ ebe obibi ha na-erute ugwu ugwu Eurasia.

Ihe oriri Bolivarium

Ofdị ahụhụ a bụ ụdị anụ na-eri anụ ọ ga-eri. Nri nri bụ mejupụtara ndị nnọchianya nke orthoptera, ndị na-achị mba dị iche iche, na-ebi otu ebe na bolivaria.

Anụ n’anụ na-eri nri igurube, ahịhịa, ahịhịa, ure. N'ịbụ onye jidere anụrị, mantis elori ihe o riri. Ọ na –emegharị ya site na otu isi gaa na nke ọzọ, na-enyocha, na-edobe isi ya ma na-ata ya nwayọ, na-enweghị ọsọ. Nnukwu nku na ụkwụ siri ike ma na-efesịa, mgbe ha risịrị nri, Mantis na-eji nlezianya hichaa aka ya, na-ehicha ya, na-agbatị ụkwụ ya, na-etinye ya n'obi, na-emekwa ọzọ na-enweghị atụ nke villain na-ekpe ekpere.

Bolivaria na-eri nri ụmụ ahụhụ, nke ha na-eritara ya ozugbo ha jidere ya.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ bolivaria nwere nku

Otutu umu anaghi adi elu n’ebe nile; ana achota ndi mmadu ndi Bolivaria na Bolivaria. A na-ahụta ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na mba anyị na mpaghara echedoro dị ka ihe kwụsiri ike. Ọtụtụ mgbe, n'ime otu elele nyocha, enwere ike ịchọpụta bolivarias 1-3, mgbe ụfọdụ karịa. Onu ogugu dikwa otua dika ihe akparamagwa nke umu anumanu na-eri oke ma adighi egosiputa onodu ojoo na ebe obibi ha. N'ọtụtụ mpaghara nke ndịda ala anyị, n'ihi mbelata nke ịzụrụ atụrụ, a na-eweghachi ụba nke Bolivaria Bolivaria n'ọtụtụ ebe ebe mbibi nke ụmụ agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke na-ahụkarị n'ihi mmụba nke atụrụ.

Bolivaria Bolivaria bụ ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe nke onye nnọchi anya mantis.

Ihe kpatara mbelata ọnụ ọgụgụ bolivaria

Isi ihe kpatara mbelata nke onu ogugu pereivian bu mmepe nke ala ebe umu anumanu di: ovu di nso na ukwu ala, shiblaki, ebe ndi mmadu na acho uzo. N'ihe banyere mmepe nke njem, ibu ihe ntụrụndụ na mpaghara ala ndị a na-abawanye ebe niile. Na mgbakwunye, n'ọtụtụ mpaghara, mpaghara nke melons na gourds na-agbasawanye, nke na-eduga na mbelata mpaghara nke nwanyị na-amaghị nwoke nke dị mma maka ebe obibi Bolivaria. Ihe atụ nke ịdị adị nke ụdị a na-anọchi anya ọgwụ ahụhụ na-abanye n'ụdọ nri na ụmụ ahụhụ na-eri nri. Vegetkụ ahịhịa na-emebi àkwá na larvae.

A na-echebe bolivariums dị mkpụmkpụ n'ọtụtụ ebe.

Nchedo Umuaka

A na-etinye Bolivaria Bolivaria na Ihe Odide Ntụkwasị 2 na Akwụkwọ Red nke Russian Federation. A na-echekwa ya n'ọtụtụ ebe tinyere ụdị ndị ọzọ. Ọ dị mkpa ikenye obere mpaghara echebere nke steppe iji weghachi ọnụ ọgụgụ mantis na-adịghị ahụkebe. Usoro nchebe maka bolivaria akwadobeghị ngwa ngwa.

Agbanyeghị, mmepe dị oke omimi nke ókèala ebe echekwara obodo ihe ọkụkụ pụrụ iche nwere ike ibute ngwa ngwa Bolivaria bifolaria. Na mgbakwunye, ọ dị mkpa ịkwanye ibu ntụrụndụ na ebe obibi nke ụdị.

N'ịchere anụ ọ ga-eri, mantis na-ezochi oghere ndị dị n'úkwù n'úkwù, ma mgbe onye ahụ tara ahụhụ, ọ na-eji ngwa ngwa chụpụ ha, na-ejide ya ma sie ike n'agbata apata ụkwụ na ala.

Ọ bụrụ n ’njehie, biko họrọ mpempe ederede pịa Ctrl + Tinye.

Nkọwapụta mkpirisi nkọwa

Anụ ahụ dị nha, isi awọ, aja aja, akpụgharị, 34-40 mm, 37–46 mm nha. A na-enye akụkụ n'akụkụ akụkụ nke pronotum. Elytra na nku di nkpirikpi; na ma nwoke ma nwanyi, ha agaru naani ime. Elytra nwere ihu di egwu n'ihu, mgbaaka gbara ọchịchịrị na etiti na eriri n'ihu akara onu, nke anaghị akọwapụtacha nke ọma. Ejiri nku ya na-acha odo odo ma ọ bụ nke nwere agba ojii n'akụkụ ọnụ ya.

Kesaa

Crimea, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Central na Asia Minor, Syria, Iran, nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ rutere na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Mongolia. Naanị ụdị ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị, ndị akụkụ ha ruo na north ruo na steepụ nke Eurasia. Na Russian Federation a hụrụ ya na mpaghara steppe site na Ciscaucasia na mpaghara Volga ruo na Irtysh. N'ime SFD juru ebe niile.

N’ime akwukwo uhie nke Republic nke Dagestan, ekwuputara ya na eriri di larịị: "... na ahịhịa ahịhịa nke ahịhịa Nogai, Kizlyar, Derbent na mpaghara Agrahan Bay, Kumtorkali dune" n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Republic ahụ. Otu ihe doro anya nke ịnọ n’akwụkwọ ahụ bụ naanị na mpaghara Ọdọ. Agwo. A chikọtara ụdị ahụ na 2003 na ahịhịa xerophytic nke spurs nke Gimrinsky Range, na nso Maidan.

Na North Ossetia, a na-egosi ya maka eriri ukwu, oke ahụ na-ekpuchi mpaghara Mozdok na ugwu nke Republic, na -akpọ ọnụ Stavropol. Na Chechen Republic a chọpụtara na mpaghara Shelkovsky, ya na Dagestan na-emekọ ihe.

N'ime akwụkwọ Red nke Republic of Armenia, enweghị data akọwapụtara nke ọma na Republic ahụ. Na RO, ekwuputara ya na mpaghara Zimovnikovsky, Dubovsky, Zavetinsky, na ebe ndị na-amaghị nwoke nọ na mpaghara Rostov State Nature Reserve na steepụ Azov nke Lower Don [9,10]. A makwaara ya site na mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke RO, na ókèala Caucasus North, Kalmykia na mpaghara Volgograd.

Na ederede Red Book nke UK, a chọpụtara na achọtara ụdị anụ ahụ ndị dị na ndịda-ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke ókèala ahụ, enwere akara ngosipụta nke ịchọta na mpaghara etiti nke Stavropol Upland (Kursavka, Surkul), akụkụ ya nke dị na ndịda (Arzgir) na na Prikum semi-desert fili ( Kumskaya MZhS), yana mpaghara Arzgir na Turkmen.

Na mpaghara Volgograd, oke nke bolivaria na-ekpuchi ihe bụ biopepes biopapes nke ọkara ekpe nke mpaghara Volga na district ndị dị na ndịda nke Volga-Don Canal. Na mbipụta nke mbụ nke Akwụkwọ Red, CC, data na ụdị ndị a adịghị.

Mpaghara mpaghara gụnyere mpaghara nke biopepes nke biopepes nke mpaghara Temryuk, ebe ụdị ahụ bi na mkpọda ugwu steepụ na shiblyak. Ọ na-emekwa mkpọda nke ndịda nke Oke Osimiri Ojii (Navagir, Markotkh), ala ahịhịa juru na mbara ihu ndị mmiri ma na-eji ahịhịa ọka sara mbara wee ruo ihe dị ka 400 m.

Amara site na nso Novorossiysk, pos. South na North Ozereyevka, Shirokaya Balka, Utrish, Sukko, Abrau na o nwere ike ịbụ na mpaghara ndị dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ mpaghara ahụ, ya na Stavropol. Ọ dịbeghị anya achọpụtara na steepụ nwanyị na-amaghị nwoke nke Taman Peninsula, na mmiri nke estuaries Tsokur, Kiziltash, Bugaz.

Njirimara nke ihe omimi na ihe omumu

Dịka ọ bụla na-ekpe ekpere niile, ọ bụ ndị na-eche anụ oriri. O nwere ọgbọ otu afọ. Nnukwu anụ oriri bụ orthoptera, ọtụtụ n'ime ebe obibi Bolivaria, yana ndị nnọchi anya nke iwu Lepidoptera, Diptera, na ụmụ ahụhụ ndị ọzọ dị maka ijide.

Na Russian Federation, a na-ebi na steepụ, ọkara ọzara, na mkpọda nke ugwu ukwu na steepụ ahịhịa ya na-eto. Na Armenia, a na-agbasokwa usoro ịgba akwụkwụ, na mpaghara ala ụkwụ a na-ahụ ya n'elu mkpọda okwute, na-agbago n'ugwu ruo elu nke ihe karịrị 2000 m karịa oke osimiri. osimiri. .

Na Central Eshia, ọ na-ebi biomopes ọka, ahịhịa solyanka, ọzara, ma banye tugai. Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ banyere ụwa adịghị amụbeghị nke ọma, agbanyeghị, a maara na idobere ụbụrụ edepụtara na Ọgọstụ - Septemba, ebe ụfọdụ ụfọdụ na-adịgide rue Nọvemba.

Uju na usoro ya

Otutu umu anumanu ebe niile di ala, na adighi eme. Na mpaghara Volgograd, RO, SK, KK, na Republic of Kalmykia, Dagestan, n'oge nlere anya site na 1995 ruo 2005, ọnọdụ ndị bi na Bolivaria Bolivaria kwụ chịm. Elezie, ọnụọgụ bụ 1-3 n'otu n'otu n'ime elekere 1, nyocha adịkarịghị elu. Onu ogugu dikwa otua ka akparamagwa nke umu anumanu buru na odighi egosi ihe na ewuta ha.

N'ọtụtụ mpaghara nke ndịda nke Russian Federation, ebe a na-azụlite ọzụzụ atụrụ na mpaghara nke bolivaria na ala ukwu na ọkara nke ọzara, mbelata n'ọtụtụ ya, ọkachasị na 90s nke narị afọ gara aga, nyere aka iweghachi ọnụ ọgụgụ nkịtị nke ndị bi na mpaghara buru ibu ebe biotopes mbụ mebiri emebi na mbụ n'ihi oke ịba ụba. . Yabụ, na RO dị na mpaghara ndị echedoro na oge anwụ nke 2005, oke nke ụdị ebe ụfọdụ bụ mmadụ 3-5 kwa elekere 1 n'ime nyocha.

Na mkpokọta, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na Bolivarian na KA ahụ kwụsiri ike ugbu a ma ọ naghị akpata nchegbu dị ukwuu, ebe ọ bụ na ókèala mpaghara adịghị na mpaghara ọtụtụ ụdị a. A na-amara ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ buru ibu ka ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-amaghị nwoke na-amaghị nwoke nọ na steepụ ugwu ahụ. Navagir Peninsula Abrau.

Ihe na - egbochi ihe

N'uzo di omimi, a na emepeala uzo a na Territory ebe umu anumanu banyere umu anumanu di: siblyak ivu, oghari na uzo nkpoda nke uzo ukwu di, na uzo ndi eji eme onyunyo, tumadi nso.

Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ebe niile, ibu ntụrụndụ dị na mbara ala ndị a na-abawanye n'ihi mmepe nke njem na njupụta nke ndị njem na mpaghara ụsọ mmiri. Na mpaghara Temryuk, na mgbakwunye, na afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọnụ ọgụgụ ala ubi vaịn na egusi na-abawanye nke ukwuu.

Usoro ndị a na-enye aka na mbelata mpaghara ala ndị na-amaghị nwoke dị mkpa maka ịdị adị nke bolivaria. Nsonaazụ nke iji ọgwụ ahụhụ buru ibu na-ebute mbibi ụfọdụ nke ụdị anụmanụ bi n'akụkụ ala ubi. Ihe kacha njọ mebiri emebi na ndagwurugwu ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ bụ site na ọkụkụ ahịhịa.

Ọ dị mkpa na usoro nchekwa ndị ọzọ

N’akwụkwọ Red na Ukraine SSR, nke agụnyere ụdị a, dịka ihe nchebe, a na-atụ aro ka ekenye obere mpaghara echebere na mpaghara Crimea (na Tarkhankut na Kerch Peninsulas) na mkpọda nke ndịda nke ala ugwu ugwu Crimea.

Na QC, ndụmọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ maka bolivaria adịghị ngwa ngwa. Agbanyeghị, ọ dị mkpa iweghachi usoro n'ọnọdụ mmepe a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha nke ókèala ebe a na-echekwa ụdị mpaghara Mediterenian, nke pụrụ iche maka mpaghara (yana Russian Federation n'ozuzu ya), na ịkwesịrị iburu ntụrụndụ na mpaghara ndị dị n'ụsọ osimiri.

Ekwesiri itinye echiche a na ndepụta nke ihe echedoro nke mpaghara echedoro niile dị na mpaghara mpaghara ya: ngalaba Abrausky, Bolshoi Utrish (mgbochi), ihe ncheta okike nke Juniper Woodlands, oke ohia Juniper nke Sheskharis ọhịa, traktị Yakhno, Cape Panagia ”,“ Karabetova Gora na Mud Volcanoes (Karabetova Sopka) ”,“ Cape Zhelezniy Rog ”,“ Nnu mmiri [15,16].

Isi mmalite nke ozi. Akwụkwọ uhie nke Krasnodar Territory. 1. Avakyan, 1950, 2. Akwụkwọ nke RedS nke USSR, 1984, 3. Akwụkwọ nke Red nke Republic of Dagestan, 1998, 4. Akwụkwọ Akwụkwọ Red of Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, 1999, 5. Akwụkwọ Akwụkwọ Red, RA, 2000, 6. Akwụkwọ Akwụkwọ Red, RO, 2004 7. SC Red Book, 2002, 8. Akwụkwọ Akwukwo Uhie nke U.S. SSR, 1980, 9. Minoransky, Demina, 1990, 10. Minoransky, Tikhonov, 1998, 11. Mukhin, 1992, 12. Nagalevsky, 1994, 13. Nikulin, 1969, 14. Pravdin, 1978, 15. Na njirimara ..., 1983, 16. Na njirimara ..., 1988, 17. Na nkwenye ..., 1998, 18. Stolyarov, Kalacheva, 2002, 19. Uzhakhov, King, 1990.20. Edeputara data nke M. V. Stolyarov, 21. Ndi akuko data nke V. I. Schurov. Nke M.V. Stolyaro dere